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921.
污水处理中影响微孔曝气充氧性能因素的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对污水处理中微孔曝气充氧性能影响因素的研究是一个复杂而又重要的问题。本文对污水水质、曝气器通气量、曝气池运行负荷和方式等几个主要因素对微孔曝气充氧性能的影响进行了研究探讨。鉴于曝气系统能耗在污水处理厂中所占比重较大,加强对该问题的研究,以降低处理厂能耗,有较好的经济意义。 相似文献
922.
Anf H. Ziadat Bruce W. Berdanier 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2004,40(3):631-638
ABSTRACT: Ninety‐one sediment oxygen demand (SOD) samples from six designated sites along the stretch of Lower Rapid Creek, South Dakota, were conducted using an in‐situ SOD chamber. Inside the chamber, readings of dissolved oxygen (DO), water temperature, pH, and specific conductance were recorded every minute for more than one hour using the Datasonde 3 Hydrolab. Initial readings of such parameters were recorded for the overlaying water before the deployment of the SOD chamber. Characteristics of the stream conditions, air temperature, barometric pressure, average flow velocity of the stream, depth of the stream, and the flow velocity by the chamber were recorded. Single and multiple linear regression analyses on all parameters indicated that the velocity of the stream is the least critical parameter for SOD in shallow streams. 相似文献
923.
Christopher R. Ellis Heinz G. Stefan 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1989,25(6):1169-1176
ABSTRACT: Winterkill, the death of fish under ice due to oxygen deficiency, threatens hundreds of shallow lakes in the upper Midwest of the United States every winter. For decades, attempts have been made to prevent winterkill, usually through aeration, with mixed results. In large part, the failure of strategies to prevent winterkill can be linked to a lack of understanding of winter limnology and in particular, of oxygen dynamics under ice. Most winterkill lakes behave as closed systems with regard to oxygen. Consequently, the oxygen content of an ice and snow covered lake is essentially a function of the amount of initial storage and the rate of depletion. Should the stored oxygen be insufficient to prevent near anoxia before melting of the ice cover occurs, winterkill will result. Most oxygen consumption in ice covered lakes is due to bacterial respiration and chemical oxidation at the sediment/water interface, the remainder occurring in the water column. Oxygen consumption (and thus depletion) is a function of the velocity and oxygen concentration of the near sediment water. This is due to the fact that oxygen transport to the sediment is mediated by a diffusive boundary layer adjacent to the sediment surface. Winter oxygen depletion rates decrease when the oxygen concentration of the overlying water falls below about 3 mg/l. Aeration techniques which increase the oxygen concentration and velocity of the near-sediment water also increase the oxygen consumption (depletion) rate. 相似文献
924.
Dilip Mathur Eric S. McClellan Susan A. Haney 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(1):159-167
ABSTRACT: The effects of variable discharges during the summer on the dissolved oxygen (DO) content and water temperature upstream and downstream of the Conowingo Hydroelectric Power Station were investigated. The DO dynamics are controlled primarily by meteorological factors that are independent of the mode of hydrostation operation. DO stratification occurred during the summer in Conowingo Pond, but thermal stratification was not observed. The magnitude and duration of off-peak discharges including a run-of-the-river operation did not affect DO stratification in Conowingo Pond; little vertical mixing occurred. However, strong winds and/or high river flows temporarily destroyed DO stratification. The run-of-the-river operation or off-peak continuous discharge schemes did not provide better DO conditions downstream of the hydrostation than the peaking operation with intermittent off-peak releases. A statistical model predicted that a DO of 5 ppm occurs 0.6 miles downstream of the powerhouse when the natural river flow is consistently greater than 15,000 cfs and water temperature is less than 80°F. A mean daily DO of at least 4 ppm was predicted to occur over 80 percent of the time during the 92-day summer period. Farther downstream (1.3 miles from the powerhouse) a mean daily DO of at least 4 ppm was predicted to occur 90 percent of the time in summer. 相似文献
925.
Dennis C. Hall Wayne R. Berkas 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1988,24(3):571-575
ABSTRACT: Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) was determined at three sites in a gravel-bottomed central Missouri stream by: (1) two variations of an instream method, and (2) a laboratory method. SOD generally was greatest by the instream methods, which are considered more accurate, and least by the laboratory method. Disturbing stream sediment did not significantly decrease SOD by the instream method. Temperature ranges of up to 12° Celsius had no significant effect on the SOD. In the gravel-bottomed stream, the placement of chambers was critical to obtain reliable measurements. SOD rates were dependent on the method; therefore, care should be taken in comparing SOD data obtained by different methods. There is a need for a carefully researched standardized method for SOD determinations. 相似文献
926.
高空供氧装备工程设计中的生理基础 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
论述了在“背心──抗G服”系统供氧装备的研制中遇到有关装备设计中的生理问题,用系统论的观点对上述问题作一介绍,以期达到使飞机工程设计和防护生理研究人员在理论和实践上取得一致认识的目的。 相似文献
927.
化学需氧量测定方法的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
化学需氧量是水质监测的一项重要指标。对化学需氧量标准测定法围绕提高分析速度,缩短回流时间,降低试剂费用而进行的样品消解方法、测定手段、催化剂和氧化剂等方面的改进,及间接预测、在线自动监测研究进展作了简要综述。 相似文献
928.
Lignite mining and processing has caused a pronounced impact both directly and indirectly on soils and ecosystems across large
areas of the former GDR. We studied soils of pine forest ecosystems at sites affected by severe alkaline dust and sulphur
deposition, stemming from lignite fired power plant emission, and at dumped sites from lignite mining. In this paper we summarize
our main results and evaluate the long-term impact of lignite mining and combustion on the environment.
The pine ecosystems on naturally developed soils show a clear effect of deposition history along a former deposition gradient
with distinct changes in chemical properties of organic surface layers and mineral soil as well as in element turnover and
cycling rates.
Afforested sites on mining dumps are directly affected by the composition of the dumped substrates. Over a large area (800
km2) these substrates are dominated by Tertiary sediments with varying amounts of lignitic particles and pyrite that result in
phytotoxic site conditions (pH < 3, high salt and metal contents). High amelioration doses of liming material (up to 200 t
ha−1) were applied for restoration purposes. We studied the development of these sites over a period of 60 years using a false-time
series approach. Beside the extreme soil conditions, element budgets of these sites are characterized by very high element
release rates over decades caused by pyrite oxidation and primary mineral weathering. 相似文献
929.
930.
Projected Climate Change Effects on Winterkill in Shallow Lakes in the Northern United States 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
2 was obtained from the output of the Canadian Climate Center General Circulation Model. To illustrate the effect of projected
climate change on lake DO characteristics, we present herein DO information simulated, respectively, with inputs of past climate
conditions (1961–1979) and with a projected 2 × CO2 climate scenario, as well as differences of those values. Specific parameters obtained were minimum under-ice and lake bottom
DO concentration in winter, duration of under-ice anoxic conditions (<0.1 mg/liter) and low DO conditions (<3 mg/liter), and
percentage of anoxic and low DO lake volumes during the ice cover period. Under current climate conditions winterkill occurs
typically in shallow eutrophic lakes of the northern contiguous United States. Climate warming is projected to eliminate winterkill
in these lakes. This would be a positive effect of climate warming. Fish species under ice may still experience periods of
stress and zero growth due to low DO (<3 mg/liter) conditions under projected climate warming. 相似文献