Activated carbon enhanced ozonation of oxalate attributed to HO. oxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation： Effect of activated carbon dosage and pH

Ozonation of oxalate in aqueous phase was performed with a commercial activated carbon（AC）in this work. The effect of AC dosage and solution pH on the contribution of hydroxyl radicals（HOU） in bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface to the removal of oxalate was studied. We found that the removal of oxalate was reduced by tert-butyl alcohol（tBA） with low dosages of AC,while it was hardly affected by tBA when the AC dosage was greater than 0.3 g/L. tBA also inhibited ozone decomposition when the AC dosage was no more than 0.05 g/L, but it did not work when the AC dosage was no less than 0.1 g/L. These observations indicate that HOUin bulk solution and oxidation on the AC surface both contribute to the removal of oxalate. HOU oxidation in bulk solution is significant when the dosage of AC is low, whereas surface oxidation is dominant when the dosage of AC is high. The oxalate removal decreased with increasing pH of the solution with an AC dosage of 0.5 g/L. The degradation of oxalate occurs mainly through surface oxidation in acid and neutral solution, but through HOUoxidation in basic bulk solution. A mechanism involving both HOUoxidation in bulk solution and surface oxidation was proposed for AC enhanced ozonation of oxalate.     

臭氧氧化水溶液中对乙酰氨基酚的机制研究

采用间歇实验的方法,研究了臭氧氧化降解水溶液中对乙酰氨基酚的影响因素和机制.结果表明,臭氧能够有效降解水溶液中的对乙酰氨基酚,降解过程符合伪一级动力学模型(R2>0.992).臭氧浓度、HCO-3和pH值均影响对乙酰氨基酚的降解过程,添加HCO-3、提高pH值和适当增大臭氧浓度均可提高其降解效果.气相色谱/质谱和离子色谱检测结果表明,在对乙酰氨基酚臭氧氧化的过程中,首先生成对苯酚及一系列含有羧基的酸类产物,继而被进一步氧化;依据中间产物,探讨了对乙酰氨基酚可能的降解反应途径.TOC检测仪的检测结果显示,对乙酰氨基酚的最终矿化程度较低.在对乙酰氨基酚的初始浓度为20 mg·L-1及臭氧浓度为9.10 mg·L-1时,反应130 min后,矿化程度仅为16.42%.     

Comparison of different disinfection processes in the effective removal of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes

This study compared three different disinfection processes(chlorination, E-beam, and ozone) and the efficacy of three oxidants(H2O2, S2O-8, and peroxymonosulfate(MPS)) in removing antibiotic resistant bacteria(ARB) and antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs) in a synthetic wastewater. More than30 mg/L of chlorine was needed to remove over 90% of ARB and ARG. For the E-beam method, only1 dose(kGy) was needed to remove ARB and ARG, and ozone could reduce ARB and ARG by more than 90% even at 3 mg/L ozone concentration. In the ozone process, CT values(concentration × time)were compared for ozone alone and combined with different catalysts based on the 2-log removal of ARB and ARG. Ozone treatment yielded a value of 31 and 33(mg·min)/L for ARB and ARGs respectively. On the other hand, ozone with persulfate yielded 15.9 and 18.5(mg·min)/L while ozone with monopersulfate yielded a value of 12 and 14.5(mg·min)/L. This implies that the addition of these catalysts significantly reduces the contact time to achieve a 2-log removal, thus enhancing the process in terms of its kinetics.     

羟基氧化铁催化臭氧氧化对滤后水卤乙酸生成势的影响

考察了滤后水经过单独臭氧氧化和羟基氧化铁(FeOOH)催化臭氧氧化后5种卤乙酸生成势(HAA5FP)的生成情况.研究了氧化时间、溴离子浓度、滤后水pH值、碱度和O3投量对2种氧化方式下HAA5FP的影响规律.发现该滤后水氯化后的HAA种类为二氯乙酸(DCAA)、三氯乙酸(TCAA)及溴离子存在时有二溴乙酸(DBAA).无溴离子存在时,催化臭氧氧化在5～20min内使得HAA5FP比臭氧氧化后的降低9.5%～18.3%.溴离子浓度增加使HAA5FP减少,催化臭氧氧化后HAA5FP也比臭氧氧化后低更多.中性pH时,催化臭氧氧化比臭氧氧化有更明显的控制HAA5FP的优势.重碳酸盐碱度升高使HAA5FP降低,且2种氧化后HAA5FP的差别减小.O₃/TOC比值为0.45～1.43的臭氧投量范围内,催化臭氧氧化后HAA5FP比臭氧氧化后减少11.2%～28.0%.催化臭氧氧化对滤后水HAA5FP的影响与FeOOH催化臭氧生成羟基自由基的特点密切相关.     

臭氧/纳米TiO2催化氧化去除水中微量硝基苯的研究

在悬浮颗粒搅拌混合反应器中,研究了臭氧/纳米TiO₂催化氧化去除水中微量硝基苯的性能,结果表明,纳米TiO₂催化臭氧化去除硝基苯较单独臭氧氧化有明显的提高,反应20min硝基苯的去除率提高了44%.实验中分别考察了纳米TiO₂热处理温度、催化剂投量、臭氧投量、硝基苯初始浓度、pH值对臭氧/纳米TiO₂催化氧化去除硝基苯的影响.发现550℃烧结得到的纳米TiO₂表现出最好的催化臭氧化活性,在较低的臭氧投量与催化剂用量条件下,硝基苯的去除率可达到56.57%;增大臭氧或者硝基苯的初始浓度,硝基苯的去除率随之提高;但是改变催化剂投量,硝基苯的去除效果几乎不受影响;中性或碱性pH环境利于纳米TiO₂催化臭氧化反应的进行.通过研究叔丁醇对纳米TiO₂催化臭氧化反应的影响,证明反应遵循羟基自由基(·OH)反应机理.     

Removal of a type of endocrine disruptors-di-n-butyl phthalate from water by ozonation

Ozonation of synthetic water containing a type of endocrine disruptor-di-n-butyl phthalate （DBP） was examined. Key impact factors such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, ozone dosage and initial DBP concentration were investigated. In addition, the activities of radicals on uncatalysed and catalysed ozonation were studied. The degradation intermediate products were followed and the kinetic of the ozonation were assessed as well. Results revealed that ozonation of DBP followed two mechanisms. Firstly, the reaction rate of direct ozonation was slower at lower pH, temperature, and ionic strength. Secondly, when these factors were increased for indirect radical reaction, higher percentage of DBP was removed with the increase of the initial ozone dosage and the decrease of the initial DBP concentration. In addition, tea-butanol, humic substances and Fe（Ⅱ） affected DBP ozonation through the radical pathway. It was determined that ozonation was restrained by adding tea-butanol for its radical inhibition effect. Furthermore, humic substances enhanced the reaction to some extent, but a slight negative effect would be encountered if the optimum dosage was exceeded. As a matter of fact, Mn（Ⅱ） affected the ozonation by ＂active sites＂ mechanism. In the experiment, three different kinds of intermediate products were produced during ozonation, but the amount of products for each one of them decreased as pH, temperature, ionic strength and initial ozone dosage increased. A kinetic equation of the reaction between ozone and DBP was obtained.     

臭氧和好氧生物法处理污水处理厂出水的纳米过滤浓缩液

城市污水处理厂出水的纳米过滤浓缩液较难直接生物处理。臭氧氧化该浓缩液降低DOC的速度较慢,但是可以有效地破坏该浓缩液中含苯环和有色基团的大分子有机物,显著增加小分子有机物的相对含量,从而增大其可生化降解性能。研究发现臭氧的投量为52mg/L左右时,臭氧化改善该纳米过滤浓缩液的可生化降解性能的效果最佳。     

BP及RBF人工神经元网络对臭氧生物活性炭水处理系统建模的比较

运用BP和RBF人工神经元网络建立臭氧生物活性炭系统模型,考察了两个网络对水处理系统建模的适应性。研究表明,BP和RBF人工神经元网络的臭氧生物活性炭系统模型准确地描述了系统影响因素的关系,可以求出系统中臭氧的经济投量;用BP人工神经元网络建立水处理系统模型,泛化能力好,但逼近速度较慢;运用RBF人工神经元网络建模,泛化能力较差,但逼近速度快。该项研究克服了运用传统方法建模的不足,为实现水处理系统的优化设计提供了可行的途径。     

饮用水中DBP的臭氧氧化效能与影响因素

以邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯 (DBP)为典型内分泌干扰物质的代表物 ,对饮用水中大量存在的不同物质在不同反应条件下对O3氧化DBP的影响进行了研究 .结果表明 ,O3单独作用于DBP时 ,在反应进行 30min后就能去除 90 %以上 ;O3对DBP的氧化降解除了O3的直接氧化外 ,还有·OH的作用机制 ;HCO-3 和腐殖质都通过影响·OH的产生而影响DBP的O3氧化 ,水中的浑浊度由于对疏水性的DBP会产生吸附作用而对DBP的去除有促进作用 .     

难生物降解的呋吗唑酮模拟废水臭氧氧化的降解机理

采用臭氧氧化法对模拟废水中难生物降解的呋吗唑酮 (FTD)进行降解实验研究 ,藉助UV VIS ,IR ,1 H NMR谱图对反应机理进行了初步探讨 .研究表明 ,pH值显著影响臭氧氧化的反应机理 :酸性条件下 ,臭氧以自身氧化为主 ,可迅速破坏FTD分子的共轭结构 ,但氧化不彻底 ;只有在强碱性条件下且保持臭氧氧化始终以·OH自由基反应为主时 ,方能高效地对FTD分子及中间体进行取代、开环、破坏和氧化 ,生成二氧化碳、水、无机氮及少量残余甲醛、草酸和低级脂肪酸 ,持续反应可完全矿化 .