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The persistence, distribution and metabolism of [l4C‐phenyl]‐ethyl parathion applied to soil columns in an agricultural farm were investigated under tropical field conditions. Volatilization, soil microbial activity, moisture levels and pH were found to influence the persistence, distribution and metabolism of this pesticide in the soil. There was rapid distribution of the pesticide in the soil matrix with time resulting in high levels of bound residues which reduced the overall rate of disappearance of parathion residues from the soil. The soil was slightly acidic but the metabolites, paraoxon, p‐nitrophenol and p‐aminophenol were detected in the soil extracts 7 days after pesticide application. After 72 days, 43.7% of the applied pesticide remained in soil composed of 18.9% extractable and 24.8% bound residues. A mechanism for the metabolism of ethyl parathion in this soil is given. 相似文献
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对硫磷分子印迹膜传感器的制备及识别特性 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
用电聚合的方法在金电极上制备了以对硫磷为模板分子的自组装邻氨基硫酚分子印迹膜传感器.在含有5 mmol/L对硫磷模板分子、5mmol/L四丁基高氯酸铵支持电解质和30 mmol/L邻氨基硫酚的二氯甲烷的聚合液中于-0.3~1.4 V范围内循环伏安扫描30圈即得到邻氨基硫酚印迹聚合膜.结合在印迹膜上的对硫磷模板分子用0.5 mol/L HCl溶液超声20 min洗脱.循环伏安法用于电化学检测.当富集时间为10 min,磷酸盐缓冲溶液的pH=6.8时,在1.0×10-4~5.0×10-7mol/L浓度范围内与对硫磷还原峰电流成良好的线性关系,检测下限为2.0×10~mol/L.用分子印迹膜传感器对实际样品进行分析,回收率为98.0%~104%.印迹膜传感器和非印迹膜传感器对一系列与对硫磷相近似的化合物如甲基对硫磷、对氧磷、辛硫磷、氧乐果、硝基苯及邻、间、对硝基苯酚进行检测,该传感器对对硫磷具有良好的选择性和灵敏度. 相似文献
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甲基对硫磷降解菌的分离鉴定及降解特性研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
从湖北仙桃农药厂附近长期受农药污染的土壤中分离出1株甲基对硫磷降解菌HS-MP12,该菌能利用甲基对硫磷(MP)和对硝基苯酚(PNP)作为唯一的碳源、氮源生长.在24 h内,HS-MP12对起始质量浓度为500 mg/L和200 mg/L的MP降解率分别为86.8%和95.7%,对起始质量浓度为200 mg/L的PNP的降解率为92.3%,测定条件为: pH值6,温度30 ℃.HS-MP12经过形态观察、生理生化鉴定、16S rDNA序列测定和同源性分析,初步鉴定HS-MP12菌株为蜡状芽孢杆菌( Bacillus cereus).实验结果表明, HS-MP12在降解MP时,没有代谢中间产物对硝基苯酚的积累,推测可能存在不同的降解途径. 相似文献
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甲基对硫磷降解菌DLL-1的分离、鉴定及降解性研究 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
从长期施用甲基对硫磷的污染土壤中分离到一株能以甲基对硫磷为唯一碳源生长且能将其完全矿化的细菌 D L L- 1 ,经鉴定,为邻单胞菌( Plesiomonas sp .) .该菌株3 h 内对50 mg/ L甲基对硫磷的降解率为93 % ,24h 内对50 mg/ L甲基对硫磷的降解率为95 % 以上.在葡萄糖铵盐培养基中, D L L1 对甲基对硫磷的耐受浓度和降解速度均增大.降解曲线表明延滞期内,菌体依靠上一生长阶段分泌的酶类对甲基对硫磷进行降解,一旦菌体开始生长,则检测不到中间代谢产物对硝基苯酚的存在.生长情况和粗酶液试验均显示 D L1 优良的降解性状 相似文献
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分别应用离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)、十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTMAB)改性中性氧化铝对甲基对硫磷这种疏水性环境污染物进行吸附性能研究.结果表明,中性氧化铝对甲基对硫磷的吸附行为与表面活性剂的种类和浓度及环境中pH值有关.原中性氧化铝对甲基对硫磷的吸附能力较小,加入阴离子表面活性剂及调节pH值后其吸附能力增强.氧化铝对3种离子型表面活性剂的吸附性能有所不同,在中性条件下,对SDS的吸附量最大,对CTMAB的吸附量最小;当介质pH为4时,氧化铝对SDS或SDBS的吸附量都有所增大,对CTMAB的吸附量则下降.甲基对硫磷和阴离子表面活性剂同时存在于溶液中时,产生协同效应,使氧化铝对甲基对硫磷的吸附能力有所提高.而阳离子表面活性剂存在下,氧化铝对甲基对硫磷的吸附能力则逐渐下降. 相似文献
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J. Senthilnathan Ligy Philip 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):262-270
Lindane (1α, 2α, 3β, 4α, 5α, 6β-hexachloro cyclohexane), methyl parathion (O,O-dimethyl-O-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) and dichlorvos (2,2-dichlorovinyl-O-O-dimethyl phosphate) are removed from water individually and as a mixture by photo degradation using suspended and immobilized forms of TiO2 (Degussa P-25). Studies were conducted to optimize the coating thickness of immobilized photo catalyst. The rate of degradation of pesticides was compared in both suspended and immobilized TiO2 systems. Degradation studies of mixed pesticides were carried out with low concentrations (1.0 and 2.5 mg/L) of pesticides. Only three intermediate byproducts such as methyl paraoxon, O,O,O-trimethyl phosphonic thionate and p-nitrophenol were observed during the methyl parathion degradation in suspended, immobilized TiO2 systems and mixed pesticides degradation studies. At the end of the reaction methyl parathion and its by-products were completely degraded. During lindane degradation hexachloro cyclohexane, pentachloro cyclohexane, hexachloro benzene, 1-hydroxy 2,3,4,5,6-chlorocyclohexane, 1-hydroxy 2,3,4,5,6-chlorobenzene, pentachloro cyclopentadiene, 1,2,3,4,5-hydroxy cyclopentene and 1,2,3-hydroxy cyclobutane were identified in suspended and immobilized TiO2 systems, whereas only hexachloro cyclohexane, pentachloro cyclohexane, hexachloro benzene and pentachloro cyclopentadiene were observed during mixed pesticides degradation. No intermediate by-product was observed during the photo degradation of dichlorvos. Langmuir-Hinshelwood pseudo first order kinetic equation showed that there was not much change in the rates of degradation in both suspended and immobilized TiO2 systems irrespective of the pesticide. During mixed pesticides degradation, the degradation pattern was not similar to that of single pesticide. 相似文献
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J. M. C. Park D. H. Branson S. Burks 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):281-293
Abstract This laboratory study investigated the effectiveness of selected detergents and the phenomenon of simulated environmental conditions (weathering) on the removal of a commercial‐grade mixture of parathion and methyl parathion from a three‐layer laminated fabric. The weathering treatment consisted of exposure and non‐exposure to simulated environmental conditions of heat, light, and humidity. Contaminated fabric samples were laundered in one of three detergents containing an anionic, a nonionic, and a combined anionic and nonionic surfactant. The test fabric, a three‐layer fabric containing an impermeable microporous film laminated between two layers of nylon, was pipette‐contaminated with 400 microliters of field strength pesticide solution and allowed to dry. Half of the contaminated samples were weathered in an Atlas Fade‐Ometer. All of the contaminated samples were subsequently laundered in a Launder‐Ometer. Percent of pesticide residue was determined by gas chromatography. Weathering did significantly reduce both parathion and methyl parathion residues remaining in the test fabric. No statistically significant difference was found among the three detergents. High amounts of both parathion and methyl parathion remained in the test fabric after weathering and laundry treatments. Before the test fabric can be recommended for use in protective garments further research is needed to develop more effective decontamination procedures. 相似文献
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Nasri S. Kawar Shawky M. Dagher 《Journal of environmental science and health. Part. B》2013,48(3):199-210
Abstract Arak, the national alcoholic drink in Lebanon, was prepared from grapes to which either DDT or parathion had been added. Samples of the nine fractions produced from the fermentation and distillation steps were analyzed for DDT and parathion and their respective metabolites. DDT degraded to DDD during the fermentation step resulting in a sharp decrease in DDT level. The two distillation steps contributed to a further decrease in the DDT level so that the final product contained less than 2% of the amount found in the fresh grape juice. Although the concentration of DDD increased sharply during fermentation, it also decreased to a negligible level during the subsequent distillation procedure. Parathion was more stable than DDT during the fermentation and first distillation steps. However, the second distillation process caused a share decline in its level and the Arak contained only about 6% of the residues present in the fresh juice, paranitrophenol being the only metabolite detected. 相似文献