Conversion characteristics and mechanism analysis of gaseous dichloromethane degraded by a VUV light in different reaction media

The photodegradation of gaseous dichloromethane (DCM) by a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light in a spiral reactor was investigated with different reaction media and initial concentrations. Through the combination of direct photolysis, O₃ oxidation and HO. oxidation, DCM was ultimately mineralized into inorganic compounds (such as HCl, CO₂, H₂O, etc.) in the air with relative humidity (RH) of 75%-85%. During the photodegradation process, some small organic acids (including formic acid, acetic acid) were also detected and the intermediates were more soluble than DCM, providing a possibility for its combination with subsequent biodegradation. Based on the detected intermediates and the confirmed radicals, a photodegradation pathway of DCM by VUV was proposed. With RH 75%-80% air as the reaction medium, the DCM removal followed the second-order kinetic model at inlet concentration of 100-1000 mg/m³. Kinetic analysis showed that the reaction media affected the kinetic constants of DCM conversion by a large extent, and RH 80% air could cause a much lower half-life for its conversion. Such results supported the possibility that VUV photodegradation could be used not only for the mineralization of DCM but also as a pretreatment before biodegradation.     

4,4’-二溴联苯在水溶液中光降解的动力学研究

多溴联苯作为溴代阻燃剂被广泛应用,从而广泛存在于环境。但少有对于多氯联苯环境行为的研究。文章以4,4’-二溴联苯为研究对象,模拟自然环境,探讨了光源强度、初始浓度、pH值和溶解氧等因素对4,4’-二溴联苯降解的影响,以及在模拟太阳光的照射下,研究了Fe3+和腐殖酸对4,4’-二溴联苯在水溶液中光降解速率的影响。结果表明,在高压汞灯照射下,4,4’-二溴联苯的光降解过程符合准一级动力学规律。提高光源强度可加速4,4’-二溴联苯的降解;初始浓度的增加使4,4’-二溴联苯降解速率减慢;反应液在高pH值和低pH值时,均促进4,4’-二溴联苯的光降解进程;体系中溶解氧增多也同样促进4,4’-二溴联苯的降解;小剂量的添加腐殖酸和Fe3+可以促进4,4’-二溴联苯的降解,但超过一定浓度则抑制其光降解。     

悬移质泥沙影响下水体中DBP的降解

为探究含悬移质泥沙(SPM)影响下水体中邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP)的去除过程,采集了三峡库区一级支流御临河中的原位水样和SPM,以DBP为供试试剂,在室内构建实验体系,设置4组实验:原水(对照)、原水-NaN3、原水-SPM-NaN3和原水-SPM,研究了扰动水体中DBP的光解、吸附和生物降解过程.研究发现:水相中的...     

Comparison of the Photodegradation of Imazethapyr in Aqueous Solution,on Epicuticular Waxes,and on Intact Corn (Zea Mays) and Soybean (Glycine Max) Leaves

A direct, controlled comparison of the photodegradation of imazethapyr has been made between imazethapyr in aqueous solutions, imazethapyr on the surface of epicuticular waxes of corn and soybean plants, and imazethapyr on the surface of intact corn and soybean plant leaves. In some experiments, the imazethapyr solutions were allowed to evaporate partially or fully after application to better model environmental conditions. The photodegradation of imazethapyr was fastest in aqueous solutions (k?=?0.16?±?0.02?h^?1) and slowest on the surface of corn and soybean plants (k_corn?=?0.00048?±?0.001?h^?1 and k_soy?=?0.00054?±?0.003?h^?1). Experiments allowing evaporation during irradiation have intermediate rate constants (e.g., k_corn?=?0.082?±?0.005?h^?1). Finally, identification of photoproducts was also examined on epicuticular waxes of corn and soybean plants for the first time.     

Fe_3O_4-xTiO_2复合光催化剂的制备及其对染料废水的处理效果

采用共沉淀法制备了复合光催化剂Fe_3O_4-xTiO_2。运用XRD、SEM、TEM和UV-Vis DRS等技术对光催化剂进行了表征,并考察了其在太阳光下对茜素红模拟染料废水的光催化降解活性。实验结果表明,当TiO_2与Fe_3O_4的质量比为0.75、初始溶液p H为3.0时,茜素红去除率最高,光催化反应120 min后,茜素红去除率为100%。表征结果显示,Fe_3O_4-0.75TiO_2复合光催化剂不是核壳结构,而是Fe_3O_4和TiO_2的聚集体。Fe_3O_4-0.75TiO_2复合光催化剂重复使用5次后茜素红去除率几乎没有下降,活性稳定性极佳。     

（School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China）

Introduction B isphenol A (BPA ), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (CA S 80-05-07), is a representative m aterial am ong endocrine disrupting chem icals (ED Cs) and has been extensively used as a raw m aterial of epoxy and polycarbonate resins, and also a…     

扑热息痛在硝酸根溶液中的光解研究

以中压汞灯为光源模拟阳光,研究了环境浓度范围内的硝酸根溶液中扑热息痛（paracetamol）的光解;探讨了pH值、硝酸根浓度以及天然水体中广泛存在的腐殖质、碳酸盐等因素对扑热息痛间接光解的影响.结果表明,扑热息痛的光解符合一级动力学,提高硝酸根浓度,其光解速率可由0.79×10^-3 min^-1增至8.90×10^-3 min^-1.提高体系pH值,加入碳酸氢根或高浓度的Suwannee河富里酸（SRFA）会促进扑热息痛的间接光解;而加入Nordic湖腐殖酸(NOHA)或低浓度的SRFA产生抑制作用.采用分子探针方法鉴定了硝酸根在光照过程中产生的羟基自由基.利用GC/MS技术鉴定了扑热息痛的光解产物,探讨了扑热息痛在硝酸根体系中可能的光解反应历程.     

TiO2光催化降解水中对乙酰氨基酚的研究

以金属卤素灯(250 W,波长≥365 nm)为光源,研究了对乙酰氨基酚(APAP)在纳米TiO2悬浆体系中的光催化降解,考察了溶液初始pH、APAP初始浓度和TiO2投加剂量对APAP光催化降解的影响.结果表明:TiO2光催化工艺可以有效地去除水中的APAP;在pH值为3.0、TiO2投加量为0.5 g/L的条件下,初始浓度为30 μmol·L-1的APAP水溶液在光照60min后的光降解率可达59.1%;APAP的光催化降解率与其初始浓度、TiO2光催化剂的用量、溶液的pH值等因素有关.     

除草剂乙草胺、异丙甲草胺的光降解及其致突变性

对两种常见的酰胺类除草剂乙草胺、异丙甲草胺的光降解进行了研究,采用Ames试验方法对母体及其光降解产物的致突变性进行了检验．结果表明,初始ｐＨ值的变化对这两种除草剂的光降解速率无明显影响,异丙甲草胺比乙草胺更易于发生光降解．乙草胺在光降解前后均表现出无致突变性;异丙甲草胺本身具有致突变性,在光降解过程中未表现出有其它致突变性物质产生．     

UV-vis/草酸铁络合物/H2O2法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

在紫外光照下,利用H2O2和草酸铁络合物对垃圾渗滤液进行了处理,探讨了紫外光照时间、pH值、fenton试剂、草酸铵对垃圾渗滤液中CODCr去除率的影响.结果表明:UV-vis/草酸铁络合物/H2O2法对垃圾渗滤液CODCr去除率有较好的效果,当操作条件是:pH取3,反应时间为1 h,H2O2投加量为1.4 mL,H2O2/FeSO4·7H2O投加比(摩尔比)为5∶1,草酸铵投加量为5.5 mL时,CODCr的去除率达到了78.8%.