悬移质泥沙影响下水体中DBP的降解

为探究含悬移质泥沙(SPM)影响下水体中邻苯二甲酸二正丁酯(DBP)的去除过程,采集了三峡库区一级支流御临河中的原位水样和SPM,以DBP为供试试剂,在室内构建实验体系,设置4组实验:原水(对照)、原水-NaN3、原水-SPM-NaN3和原水-SPM,研究了扰动水体中DBP的光解、吸附和生物降解过程.研究发现:水相中的...     

Comparison of the Photodegradation of Imazethapyr in Aqueous Solution,on Epicuticular Waxes,and on Intact Corn (Zea Mays) and Soybean (Glycine Max) Leaves

A direct, controlled comparison of the photodegradation of imazethapyr has been made between imazethapyr in aqueous solutions, imazethapyr on the surface of epicuticular waxes of corn and soybean plants, and imazethapyr on the surface of intact corn and soybean plant leaves. In some experiments, the imazethapyr solutions were allowed to evaporate partially or fully after application to better model environmental conditions. The photodegradation of imazethapyr was fastest in aqueous solutions (k?=?0.16?±?0.02?h^?1) and slowest on the surface of corn and soybean plants (k_corn?=?0.00048?±?0.001?h^?1 and k_soy?=?0.00054?±?0.003?h^?1). Experiments allowing evaporation during irradiation have intermediate rate constants (e.g., k_corn?=?0.082?±?0.005?h^?1). Finally, identification of photoproducts was also examined on epicuticular waxes of corn and soybean plants for the first time.     

Fe_3O_4-xTiO_2复合光催化剂的制备及其对染料废水的处理效果

采用共沉淀法制备了复合光催化剂Fe_3O_4-xTiO_2。运用XRD、SEM、TEM和UV-Vis DRS等技术对光催化剂进行了表征,并考察了其在太阳光下对茜素红模拟染料废水的光催化降解活性。实验结果表明,当TiO_2与Fe_3O_4的质量比为0.75、初始溶液p H为3.0时,茜素红去除率最高,光催化反应120 min后,茜素红去除率为100%。表征结果显示,Fe_3O_4-0.75TiO_2复合光催化剂不是核壳结构,而是Fe_3O_4和TiO_2的聚集体。Fe_3O_4-0.75TiO_2复合光催化剂重复使用5次后茜素红去除率几乎没有下降,活性稳定性极佳。     

（School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China）

Introduction B isphenol A (BPA ), 2,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane (CA S 80-05-07), is a representative m aterial am ong endocrine disrupting chem icals (ED Cs) and has been extensively used as a raw m aterial of epoxy and polycarbonate resins, and also a…     

UV-vis/草酸铁络合物/H2O2法处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

在紫外光照下,利用H2O2和草酸铁络合物对垃圾渗滤液进行了处理,探讨了紫外光照时间、pH值、fenton试剂、草酸铵对垃圾渗滤液中CODCr去除率的影响.结果表明:UV-vis/草酸铁络合物/H2O2法对垃圾渗滤液CODCr去除率有较好的效果,当操作条件是:pH取3,反应时间为1 h,H2O2投加量为1.4 mL,H2O2/FeSO4·7H2O投加比(摩尔比)为5∶1,草酸铵投加量为5.5 mL时,CODCr的去除率达到了78.8%.     

光源和溶剂对十溴联苯醚光降解的影响

研究了不同光源和溶剂对十溴联苯醚(DecaBDE)光降解特性的影响,并对其降解产物进行了探讨.结果表明,在所试光源和溶剂条件下,DecaBDE均有一定程度的光降解,且都近似符合一级降解动力学.同一光源下,不同溶剂对DecaBDE降解表现出不同的影响.在太阳光照射下,DecaBDE降解速率为甲苯>甲醇>正己烷>正己烷/丙酮>甲醇/水>乙醇/水;在模拟光源照射下,DecaBDE降解速率为甲苯>甲醇>甲醇/水>乙醇/水>正己烷>正己烷/丙酮;在紫外光照射下,DecaBDE降解速率为甲苯>甲醇>正己烷/丙酮>正己烷>甲醇/水>乙醇/水.同一溶剂中,DecaBDE降解速率均为紫外光>太阳光>模拟光源.尽管光源和溶剂对DecaBDE降解速率产生了一定影响,但降解途径基本一致,均为DecaBDE经光解脱溴产生低溴联苯醚.     

腐殖酸和铁对阿特拉津光降解影响的研究

为考察除草剂在水体中的自净性能,对模拟太阳光(λ> 290 nm)下腐殖酸和铁元素对阿特拉津的光化学降解进行了研究。结果表明,单独辐照阿特拉津几乎不降解。在分别加入3、5和10 mg/L的腐殖酸时,阿特拉津的降解率分别为34.36 %、40.74%和15.66 %;在Fe(Ⅲ)投加量从0.01 mmol/L增加到0.2 mmol/L时,阿特拉津的降解率从24.36 %增加到34.97 %。而在当腐殖酸与铁共存时,阿特拉津降解率则进一步提高。紫外可见光谱和荧光光谱均表明,腐殖酸-铁络合物的形成及其光化学作用,促进了阿特拉津的降解。     

Photodegradation of perfluorooctanoic acid by 185 nm vacuum ultraviolet light

The photodegradation of persistent and bioaccumulative perftuorooctanoic acid （PFOA） in water by 185 nm vacuum ultraviolet （VUV） light was examined to develop an effective technology to deal with PFOA pollution. PFOA degraded very slowly under irradiation of 254 nm UV light. However, 61.7% of initial PFOA was degraded by 185 nm VUV light within 2 h, and defluorination ratio reached 17.1%. Pseudo first-order-kinetics well simulated its degradation and defluorination. Besides, fluoride ion formed in water, 4 shorter-chain perfluorinated carboxylic acids （PFCAs）, that is, perfluoroheptanoic acid, perfluorohexanoic acid, perfluoropentanoic acid, and perfluorobutanoic acid. These were identified as intermediates by LC-MS measurement. These PFCAs consecutively formed and further degraded with irradiation time. According to the mass balance calculation, no other byproducts were formed. It was proposed that PFCAs initially are decarboxylated by 185 nm light, and the radical thus formed reacts with water to form shorter-chain PFCA with one less CF2 unit.     

多势派氯代二噁在土壤表面的紫外光解研究

本文利用500W中压汞灯研究了二(口恶)(口英)在干燥土壤中的紫外光解.根据光解结果计算了土壤中二(口恶)(口英)的降解深度,并分析了五氯代二(口恶)(口英)(PeCDD)的光解产物.结果表明,二(口恶)(口英)在土壤表面发生了较快的光解反应,反应在2h内基本完成,降解深度为0.027mm.对PeCDD光解产物的分析结果显示,二(口恶)(口英)在土壤表面紫外光降解的主要途径为脱氯,而且脱氯优先发生在邻位上.     

除草剂乙草胺、异丙甲草胺的光降解及其致突变性

对两种常见的酰胺类除草剂乙草胺、异丙甲草胺的光降解进行了研究,采用Ames试验方法对母体及其光降解产物的致突变性进行了检验．结果表明,初始ｐＨ值的变化对这两种除草剂的光降解速率无明显影响,异丙甲草胺比乙草胺更易于发生光降解．乙草胺在光降解前后均表现出无致突变性;异丙甲草胺本身具有致突变性,在光降解过程中未表现出有其它致突变性物质产生．