Photodegradation of Norfloxacin in aqueous solution containing algae

Photodegradation of Norfloxacin in aqueous solution containing algae under a medium pressure mercury lamp (15 W, λ_max = 365 nm) was investigated. Results indicated that the photodegradation of Norfloxacin could be induced by the algae in the heterogeneous algaewater systems. The photodegradation rate of Norfloxacin increased with increasing algae concentration, and was greatly influenced by the temperature and pH of solution. Meanwhile, the cooperation action of algae and Fe(III), and the ultrasound were beneficial to photodegradation of Norfloxacin. The degradation kinetics of Norfloxacin was found to follow the pseudo zero-order reaction in the suspension of algae. In addition, we discussed the photodegradation mechanism of Norfloxacin in the suspension of algae. This work will be helpful for understanding the photochemical degradation of antibiotics in aqueous environment in the presence of algae, for providing a new method to deal with antibiotics pollution.     

草酸促进双酚A在黏土矿物悬浮液中光降解研究

选择两种常见的天然黏土矿物高岭石和蒙脱石,研究了有机污染物双酚A(BPA)在其表面的吸附及草酸对黏土矿物悬浮液中BPA光降解的影响.结果表明,BPA在两种黏土矿物表面的吸附量较小,吸附符合Langmuir等温式.在250W金属卤化物灯(λ≥360nm)照射下,草酸可显著促进BPA在高岭石和蒙脱石悬浮液中的光降解,降解动力学符合Langmuir-Hinshelwood方程. 降解速率受pH值的影响较大,pH=4.0时速度最快,光降解速率同时受草酸浓度的影响.最后,通过分析矿物中铁的化学环境及反应过程中铁浓度变化,分析了草酸促进BPA在黏土矿物悬浮液中光降解的可能机制.     

Photodegradation of new herbicide HW-02 in organic solvents

HW-02 is a new organophosphates herbicide which is discovered and developed in China. The kinetics and mechanism of HW- 02 photodegradation in the organic solvents were studied at 25°C under the irradiation of ultraviolet light. The results showed that photochemical reaction of HW-02 in organic solvents such as n-hexane, methanol, dimethyl benzene and acetone under UV light could be well described by the first kinetic equation, and the photodegradation efficiency decreased with a order of n-hexane methanol xylene acetone. The photodegradation efficiency constant of HW-02 in n-hexane, methanol, xylene and acetone were 4.951 × 10 2 , 3.253 × 10 2 , 2.377 × 10 2 and 1.628 × 10 2 min 1 , and the corresponding half-lives were 13.99, 21.20, 29.15 and 42.56 min, respectively. By separation and identification of photoproducts using GC-MS, it could be concluded that HW-02 was photolyzed through ester cleavage, photo-dechlorination and photoisomerization of the molecule itself.     

Monitoring of total volatile organic compound emissions from plastic runway surfaces

Abstract

Simulated with small environmental chambers, the emission characteristics of total volatile organic compounds from plastic runway surfaces were investigated by thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. This quantitative approach was validated using a dynamic recovery experiment, and the variation of emission factors from mixed-type plastic surfaces was determined. Also, the photodegradation of volatile organic compounds in chambers was introduced to decrease the background interference.     

几种酰胺类除草剂的光降解及其致突变性

对３种常见的酰胺类除草剂乙胺,异丙甲草胺,丁草胺的光降解进行了研究,采用Ａｍｅｓ试验方法对母体和光降解产物的致突变性进行了检验,结果表明,在紫外灯照射下,这３种除草剂的光降解均较符合一级动力学,其降解速率次序为：异丙草胺〉乙草胺〉丁草胺。     

采用实验和密度泛函理论计算揭示吸光性环境介质对多环芳烃光降解的影响机制

多环芳烃(PAHs)在环境中的光降解动力学受环境介质吸光组分的影响.为揭示介质吸光组分对PAHs光降解影响的内在机制,以吸光很弱的甲醇和吸光较强的丙酮和二甲基亚砜(DMSO)为模拟环境介质,考察不同吸光性溶剂介质对3种PAHs(菲、芘和苯并[a]芘)光解的影响;并采用密度泛函理论(DFT)计算,分析了溶剂分子光敏化能量/电子转移反应对PAHs光解的影响机制.结果表明,激发态的丙酮分子抑制了菲和芘的光解,而加快了苯并[a]芘的光解;激发态的DMSO分子抑制了菲的光解,促进了芘和苯并[a]芘的光解.过滤掉DMSO所吸收的部分光谱频段后,PAHs在DMSO中的光解速率与甲醇中的接近.DFT计算表明,激发态的丙酮或DMSO主要作为电子受体与PAHs发生光敏化电子转移反应,是影响PAHs光解的内在原因.     

热敏纸中双酚A迁移转化的研究

对热敏纸中双酚A的溶出、迁移和光降解动力学规律进行了研究,考察了热敏纸中双酚A在人工模拟汗液中的溶出规律,探讨了热敏纸与普通纸在一定湿度和压力下重叠放置时双酚A的迁移转化情况,研究了热敏纸中双酚A在不同温度和时间及不同光源下的降解规律.结果显示,不同光源下双酚A的降解符合一级反应动力学规律;热敏纸中双酚A的总含量约为13.06mg/g,在模拟汗液中的最大溶出量为10.35mg/g,温度和时间是影响溶出量的主要因素;湿度是双酚A从热敏纸迁移至普通纸中的主要影响因素.     

环境因素对针铁矿光解泰乐菌素的影响

为了正确评估抗生素的环境风险,了解抗生素在水环境中自然光转化的规律,考察了抗生素的初始浓度、pH值、离子强度及腐殖酸对针铁矿光降解泰乐菌素的影响.结果表明:针铁矿光解泰乐菌素的速率随着溶液pH值的增加先减小再增加,而与泰乐菌素的初始浓度及离子强度成反比;同时,腐殖酸的存在有助于光解作用,而且腐殖酸的浓度越高,泰乐菌素的光解速率越快.泰乐菌素在针铁矿上的光解作用可能包括溶液中的均相反应和针铁矿表面的异相反应两个过程.在评估抗生素的环境风险时,应当综合考虑环境因素对其转化过程的影响.     

苯酚类化合物光解量子产率与结构性质的定量关系

采用量子化学PM3算法计算得到的苯酚类化合物的量子化学参数,应用偏最小二乘(PLS)算法,建立了能预测苯酚类化合物光解量子产率(Y)的定量结构-性质关系(QSPR)模型.影响苯酚类化合物光解量子产率的主要因素是分子最高占据轨道能(Ehomo)和分子生成热(HOF),logY值随着Ehomo的增大而增大,随着HOF的增大而减小.分子的电负性和(Ehomo-Ehomo)2对logY值也有一定的影响,电负性和(Ehomo-Ehomo)²较小的分子,其logY值也较大.     

不同波段紫外光对微囊藻毒素光降解的影响

为优化光降解法去除饮用水中的微囊藻毒素,分别用UVA(l=300～400nm)和UVC(l=253.7nm)2种紫外光源研究了紫外光波长对MC-RR降解效率的影响.结果表明,不同波段的紫外光具有不同的催化效率和降解中间产物.在UVA下照射12h后,MC-RR仍有30%～50%残余,同时产生2种几何异构体4(Z)-Adda-MC-RR和6(Z)-Adda-MC-RR,且二者在整个反应过程中保持恒定的比例.而在UVC下,MC-RR除生成2种异构体外,还生成中间产物[三环-Adda]MC-RR,在0.850mW/cm2光强下照射60min后,这些中间产物随MC-RR一起基本消失.两种情况下,MC-RR浓度随时间的变化均可用二级反应速率方程描述,表观反应速率常数(k)均随着光强度的增加而增大.尽管UVC强度仅为UVA的10%,但MC-RR在UVC下的反应速率常数却比UVA下高了近2个数量级.这表明,利用光降解技术去除饮水中的微囊藻毒素宜选用UVC光源.