Gini Index for Cities: A Preliminary Study on Regional Differences of Chinese City Size Distribution

City size distribution is of interest because of a number of key stylized facts, including notably Zipf's law for cities and the importance of urban primacy. But a new and more efficient method Gini index can be used for calculating regional city size distribution. This paper begins by developing a calculation method for the Gini index, dividing the whole country into 26 areas and then calculating each area's Gini index value. Based on these calculation results, this paper gives a preliminary study on regional differences of its city size distribution and the dynamics.     

气溶胶中正构烷烃的碳优先指数研究

本文研究了北京、广州两地不同季节气溶胶颗粒物上正构烷烃的碳优先指数值(CPI)随季节和颗粒物粒径的变化规律。结果表明,北京地区气溶胶中正构烷烃的CPI值:春>夏>秋>冬;广州地区为冬>春>夏,显示了不同的地区特征,而且随着气溶胶颗粒物粒径的减小,正构烷烃的CPI值亦减小。     

Variation in some chemical parameters and organic matter in soils regenerated by the addition of municipal solid waste

The organic fraction of a municipal solid waste was added in different doses to an eroded soil formed of loam and with no vegetal cover. After three years, the changes in macronutrient content and the chemical-structural composition of its organic matter were studied. The addition of the organic fraction from a municipal solid waste had a positive effect on soil regeneration, the treated soils being covered with spontaneous vegetation from 1 yr onwards. An increase in electrical conductivity and a fall in pH were noted in the treated soils as were increases in macronutrients, particularly N and available P and the different carbon fractions. Optical density measurements of the organic matter extracted with sodium pyrophosphate showed that the treated soils contained an organic matter with less condensed compounds and with a greater tendency to evolve than the control. A pyrolysis-gas chromatography study of the organic matter extracted with pyrophosphate showed large quantities of benzene both in the treated soils and control; pyrrole was also relatively abundant, although this fragment decreased as the dose rose. Xylenes and pyridine were present in greater quantities in the control and furfural in the treated soils. Three years after addition to the soil, the organic matter had a higher proportion of fragments derived from aromatic compounds and a smaller proportion derived from hydrocarbons. Similarity indices showed that, although the added and newly formed organic matter 3 yr after addition continued to differ from that of the original soil and to be more mineralizable, the transformations it has undergone made it more similar to the original organic matter of the soil than it was at the moment of being added.     

氯苯降解性质粒pL1限制性酶消化和物理图谱

大量提取Ｌ１菌质粒并用低熔点琼脂糖回收。用５种限制性核酸内切酶消化，所得片段数分别是：ＨｉｎｄⅢ４，ＢａｎＨⅠ１６，ＸｂａⅠ４，ＰｓｔⅠ１５，ＳｍａⅠ１２。从各片段的累加测出该质粒的平均大小约为９２．５ｋｂ，分子量为６０．０９×１０＾６ｄａｌｔｏｎ。在单酶消化的基础上，用ＨｉｎｄⅢ／ＸｂａⅠ、ＨｉｎｄⅢ／ＢａｎＨⅠ、ＸＢａⅠ／ＢａｎＨⅠ双酶消化，以及ＢａｍＨⅠ部分消化，由此组建了ＨｉｎｄⅢ／Ｘｂａ     

西部公路建设环境监测指标体系研究

根据西部公路建设及环境保护发展概况，研究了建立西部公路建设环境监测指标应遵循的原则，并提出了两部公路建设环境监测指标体系。     

污染指数法确定企业污染等级的探讨

引入环境参数、社会综合参数、行业参数，根据企业实际排污情况，探讨了运用污染指数法对污染企业实行定量化管理的方法。     

土地适宜性评价中“主宜性”划分问题之探讨

在土地适宜性评价中,划分双宜或多宜性土地的主宜性是很有必要的。本文探讨了土地主宜性划分的原则、指标和方法,提出了分析土地主宜性的综合定量指标——“土地经济-社会适宜性指数”的概念,并以点苍山花甸坝为例,分析了这块土地的主宜性——适宜于耕作利用,利用方式是种植一年一熟喜凉作物。     

陕西省凤县银母寺铅锌矿床原生地球化学异常特征

对银母寺铅锌矿床中钻孔、槽探和坑道工程控制的勘探剖面进行系统采样分析 ,研究原生异常的三维空间特征。经研究认为银母寺铅锌矿床的原生地球化学异常具有分带性 ,垂向分带序列 (自上向下 )为(Hg,As,Zn)→Cd→Cu→ (Pb,Ag) ,纵向分带序列为 :Cu→Pb→Ag→Cd→Hg→Zn ,横向分带序列 (从矿体中心向两侧 )为Pb←Zn←Cu、Ag、Hg、As←Cu→Pb→Ag→Hg→Zn→F。原生异常的分带指数具有明显变化规律且可用于预测同类型矿床的剥蚀程度     

羌塘高原人与野生动物冲突的成因

随着自然保护事业的发展,人与野生动物冲突加剧成为自然保护与地区发展面临的新问题。但人与野生动物冲突研究具有多主体性、复杂性和跨学科性,研究难度大。本文以羌塘高原为例,采用人与野生动物相互作用社会生态系统的概念,梳理了人与野生动物冲突主体的规模、分布,识别了食草野生动物与家畜争食牧草、人类聚落与野生动物竞争生存空间、草场围栏分隔栖息地及阻断迁徙通道等三种主要冲突类型。考虑草畜兽平衡核算了草地承载状况,模拟了家畜与野生动物生存空间重叠,刻画了草场围栏对栖息地及迁徙通道的影响。从重叠空间的资源竞争及人类活动扰动等方面剖析了人与野生动物冲突成因。可为厘清冲突机制,提高干预效果提供新认知。