Experimental and numerical study of CO2 plume diffusion in a confined space

In this paper, heavy gas diffusion in a confined space has been investigated. The effects of barrier and source intensity on CO₂ diffusion are explored by the small-scale experiments and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methods. Six different turbulence models are selected to predict the gas concentrations. By comparing these experimental values with the simulated ones, it is found that all models can effectively predict the concentration variation with time, and SST k-ω model is most close to the ideal model compared with others. Three source-barrier distances and three CO₂ flow rates have been set up for the study. In this confined space, the main flow is concentrated in the region near the ground. The existence of barriers in the space will have a dilution effect on the high-concentration plume near the ground of the near-source area and a barrier effect on the low-concentration plume in the far-source area. The changes in source intensity have notable impact on the gas concentrations. This study can provide an experimental basis for the risk assessment in the confined spaces, as well as an experimental and data reference for large-scale CFD simulations.     

微生物在土壤中迁移物化参数的确定

以甲基叔丁基醚高效降解菌Chryseobacterium sp.A-3为研究对象,对污染场地生物修复中微生物在土壤中迁移的重要相关物化参数做了详细的描述和实验研究,包括土壤物性参数以及微生物在土壤中的吸附等温参数、吸附动力学、有效扩散系数和生长项系数.结果表明,微生物在土壤中的吸附等温线可与Freundlich方程很好地拟合,相关性达到99.5%,指数常数为1.1,该指数常数在统计上与1差别不大,因此可以用线性方程来描述平衡吸附过程.实验测得该菌在砂质壤土中的平衡吸附系数为0.98 mL/g.滞膜理论能够预测土壤中微生物的动力学吸附行为,同时也说明吸附过程是可逆的,得到土壤中微生物吸附的动力学参数,即可逆吸附常数为0.004 s-1,可逆解吸常数为0.002 s-1.膜池理论与分形理论分析得到微生物在土壤中的扩散系数为3.66×10-6 cm2/s,有效扩散系数为5.18×10-7cm2/s.通过对微生物降解甲基叔丁基醚过程进行拟合得到微生物的最大比增长速率为0.01 h-1,基质半饱和常数为134 mg/L以及细胞得率为0.33.本研究所提出的微生物在土壤中物化参数的确定方法可普遍应用于实验室和现场的微生物...     

钢铁行业技术减排措施硫、氮、碳协同控制效应评价研究

随着我国污染减排形势的日趋严峻,在高污染行业采用协同控制措施实现多种污染物控制目标不仅十分必要而且非常迫切,而合理评价减排措施的协同控制效应是实施协同控制的基础.基于此,本研究从环境-经济-技术角度系统地提出了钢铁行业技术减排措施对硫、氮、碳的协同控制效应评价方法,包括:协同控制效应坐标系分析、污染物减排量交叉弹性(Elsa/b)分析和单位污染物减排成本评价,3种评价方法相互配合,可以从多角度检验不同减排措施的协同控制效应.协同控制效应坐标系和污染物减排量交叉弹性分析的结果表明,末端治理措施不具有协同控制效应或协同控制效应不佳,而绝大多数过程控制措施都具有较好的协同控制效应.单位污染物减排成本评价的结果表明,末端治理措施优先度排序靠后,而过程控制措施排序靠前,且针对不同污染物的排序结果有所不同.在进行钢铁行业协同减排方案设计和规划时,应根据决策需要选择适宜的评价方法,参考评价结果选择最为成本有效的措施.     

改性石墨电极对DNP废水的降解过程研究

使用自制改性石墨/PTFE气体扩散电极作为阴极,铁电极作为阳极,构成电-Fenton反应体系对2,4-二硝基苯酚废水进行处理。一定电解条件下,研究了D(N/P)、D(N/P/Cu)自制气体扩散阴极电极对2,4-二硝基苯酚废水的处理效果及处理过程废水中金属离子、电导率的变化情况。结果表明,电解60 min时D(N/P/Cu)电极对DNP的去除率达到80.9%,最大去除率比D(N/P)高22.43%。阴极电极中铜离子的掺入不仅提高了电解效率,而且也大大降低了铁阳极的消耗及铁泥的产生量。对D(N/P/Cu)电极电解后的沉淀底物进行了红外光谱分析,发现沉淀物中除了未被降解的DNP外还含有分解产生的小分子烷烃类、胺类等中间产物。通过SEM对改性石墨电极表面进行了观察,发现电极材料粘合牢固紧凑,表面分布许多微小气孔,其中在改性石墨中掺入铜离子的D(N/P/Cu)电极表面更加致密光滑。     

环境中新兴有机污染物得克隆的研究进展

得克隆(Dechlorane plus,DP),即双(六氯环戊二烯)环辛烷,是一种有机氯系脂肪族添加型阻燃剂,也是环境中一类新型的有机污染物。前期对环境中DP的研究主要集中在北美五大湖地区,近来我国和欧洲部分国家也开展了类似的研究。文章综述了DP各种环境介质中的浓度分布和同系物特征,并对需要重点开展的研究方向进行了展望。     

液化石油气球罐泄漏扩散的数值模拟

利用流体力学Fluent软件,对液化石油气球罐区泄漏扩散进行了数值模拟,主要研究不同风速和不同形状障碍物存在条件下扩散流场的变化规律。结果表明:风速影响扩散方向、距离、浓度以及扩散平衡时间;障碍物的存在改变了常规扩散轨迹、空腔区浓度积聚,且不同曲率的障碍物在介质扩散过程中所承受的外压不同。该研究结果对球罐区安全事故救援具有指导意义。     

内蒙古自治区实施排污权交易的探索

探索和建立排污权交易制度,实现稀缺环境资源的有偿使用,提高环境资源的配置效率,对于内蒙古自治区建立长效减排机制、改善环境质量有着非常现实的意义。本文在借鉴国内外排污权和碳交易理论和经验的基础上,分析内蒙古自治区排污权交易制度设计和实践特点,提出进一步完善和活跃内蒙古自治区排污权交易市场的对策建议。     

建立典型化工区突发性大气污染事件预测预警软件系统的构想

本系统主要包括污染气象模型、大气扩散的数学模型的建立,利用地理信息系统(GIS)技术,按照污染事故发生的地理位置,将模型的数值解和GIS相结合,从而可以在时间和空间上对污染扩散进行分析,得到不同地点的污染物浓度和污染程度,获取受污染范围内的人口和周边单位等重要信息;从而预测污染事故对环境的影响程度和范围,为突发性环境污染事故的应急监测、现场救护和灾后评估提供科学依据。     

Pollutant emissions,energy consumption and economic development in China:Evidence from dynamic panel data

This study investigates the relationship among pollutant emissions,energy consumption and economic development in China during the period 1982-2007 by using a one-step GMM-system model under a multivariable panel VAR framework,controlling for capital stock and labor force.Regarding the data for all 28 provinces as a whole,we find that there is a unidirectional positive relationship running from pollutant emission to economic development and a unidirectional negative relationship between pollutant emission and energy consumption.Based on traditional economic planning,the panel data of28 provinces are divided into two cross-province groups.It is discovered that in the eastern coastal region of China,there is only a unidirectional positive causal relationship leading from economic development to pollutant emission;while in the central and western regions,there are the unidirectional Granger causal relationships between pollutant emission and energy consumption,as well as between pollutant emission and economic development.There is also a unique unidirectional causal relationship running from economic development to energy consumption,which does not appear in the eastem coastal region or in China as a whole.     

Spreading the News on Carbon Capture and Storage: A State-Level Comparison of US Media

Carbon capture and storage (CCS) has received abundant federal support in the USA as an energy technology to mitigate climate change, yet its position within the energy system remains uncertain. Because media play a significant role in shaping public conversations about science and technology, we analyzed media portrayal of CCS in newspapers from four strategically selected states. We grounded the analysis in Luhmann's theory of social functions, operationalized through the socio-political evaluation of energy deployment (SPEED) framework. Coverage emphasized economic, political/legal, and technical functions and focused on benefits, rather than risks of adoption. Although news coverage connected CCS with climate change, the connection was constrained by political/legal functions. Media responses to this constraint indicate how communication across multiple social functions may influence deployment of energy technologies.