工程项目安全预警与应急控制隐性知识集成与共享研究

针对一些企业在安全预警、风险控制等方面的隐性知识难以集成、个体知识难以转换为组织知识、内部员工难以共享、行业组织之间难以交流等一系列问题,笔者从知识管理观念、隐性知识集成与共享激励制度、知识共享文化、知识管理组织系统、知识共享和知识交易平台等方面入手,构建了适应于工程项目安全预警与应急控制的隐性知识集成与共享系统。该研究成果为工程师们缩短在紧急状态下的应急补救决策时间,提升其对质量安全事故控制能力,提供了切实可行的实践思路。     

热盐腐蚀环境对TC11钛合金高温寿命影响规律试验研究

目的 针对发动机钛合金部件在热盐环境与工作载荷下的寿命衰减问题，开展TC11钛合金热盐腐蚀疲劳与应力腐蚀试验，研究腐蚀环境下TC11的高温寿命衰减规律与失效机理。方法 利用喷盐法制备TC11钛合金试验件，研究不同温度与应力水平对TC11腐蚀疲劳以及应力腐蚀的影响规律。利用SEM等观测手段，开展腐蚀疲劳以及应力腐蚀试样断口与表面的形貌分析，分析腐蚀环境下的失效机理。结果 热盐腐蚀环境导致TC11的寿命显著降低，对比450 ℃下无腐蚀寿命，腐蚀疲劳寿命下降了2个数量级，应力腐蚀寿命下降到不足1%，且分散性较大。观察腐蚀疲劳和应力腐蚀的试样可以发现，表面有明显的腐蚀坑，腐蚀坑底发现裂纹。结论 热盐环境下，TC11腐蚀疲劳寿命和应力腐蚀寿命都会明显下降。由于腐蚀导致钛合金试样表面产生许多腐蚀坑，在腐蚀坑局部形成近似缺口，缺口部位的应力集中是导致腐蚀疲劳寿命衰减的重要因素。腐蚀疲劳的寿命低于Kt=1的无腐蚀疲劳寿命，但是要大于Kt=3的无腐蚀疲劳寿命。     

Performance Enhancement of a Beta Type Rhombic Drive Stirling engine

ABSTRACT

Stirling engines maintain attraction because of their high energy conversion efficiencies. In this study, experimental comparison of a beta-type Stirling engine for two different rhombic-drive mechanisms was presented. In one of the rhombic mechanisms, spur gears were used and the gear shaft was supported in bearings from one side. In the other mechanism, two helical gears were placed on crankshafts and the crankshafts were supported in bearings from both sides. Rhombus lengths of the mechanisms were determined as 66 mm and 80 mm to provide same constant compression ratio of 2.5 for both configurations. Both mechanisms were used in the same beta-type Stirling engine having same cylinder, piston and displacer dimensions. Performance parameters of the engines were evaluated at different helium charge pressures (2–4 bar) and hot-end temperatures (400–600°C). The hot-end of the displacer cylinder was heated by a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) burner. The engine power increased by 132%, friction losses and gear noses were reduced by supporting the rhombic-drive mechanism from both side and using helical gears. The maximum output torque and power of the engine were obtained as 13.14 Nm at 428 rpm engine speed and 663 W at 800 rpm engine speed, respectively, at 600°C hot-end temperature and 4 bar charge pressure.     

电催化氧化技术处理含盐有机废水研究进展

介绍了电催化氧化技术在实际工业废水处理中的优势,对其反应原理进行了概述。总结了电催化氧化技术在石油、制药、造纸行业废水和含氨氮类有机废水处理中的研究进展,指出：电催化氧化技术未来的主要研究方向为研发新型电催化阳极材料;开发高效电解反应器;探索电催化氧化技术与其他处理工艺组合联用。     

利用主成分分析法简化甲烷/空气层流预混火焰的反应机理

利用主成分分析(Principal Component Analysis)的方法对甲烷/空气氧化的详细化学反应机理进行了简化，在低压层流预混火焰条件下进行了计算，计算结果与详细机理的计算结果及实验值进行了比较。结果表明简化机理与详细机理吻合较好，简化机理的规模和计算时间有所减少。     

Atmospheric Loadings,Concentrations and Visibility Associated with Sandstorms: Satellite and Meteorological Analysis

This Korea-China study monitored the phenomena of sandstorms and significant dustfall (SD) from 1997 to 2000. The analysis of our data included ground measurements of dust concentration, visibility, satellite imagery, aircraft and lidar observations. In addition, an estimation of atmospheric loadings and a studyon the relationship between dust concentrations and visibilitywere carried out. The movement and invasion of dust clouds toKorea were clearly identified with meteorological and satellitedata. The increasing concentrations of TSP and PM₁₀ concurredwell with the satellite information. From case studies, weestimated that atmospheric loadings of a dust cloud were over 1million ton and that the deposition over the Korean Peninsulawas in the range from 46 000 to 86 000 tons. For SD withvisibility of 3 km, we predict TSP 659 g m^-3 and PM₁₀ 493 g m^-3. We recommend the issuance of an SD Watch(advisory) and an SD Warning for the general public.     

关于防灾减灾预警机制及预警工程的若干讨论

SARS疫情迅速在世界传播和在中国蔓延,更加引起了政府和社会各界对城市突发性灾难有效应对和有效防治方面的高度重视。笔者认为,开展早期预警是对突发危机事件有效处理的关键,必须要有完善的预警机制和现代预警系统工程方可进行。提出将以人为本原则、预防为主原则、法律责任原则、组织管理原则和第一时间原则等作为确保防灾减灾预警系统有序建设和高效运行的基本原则。对现代预警工程的特点、现代预警工程的强化途径提供了以“以人为本”为前提的见解。     

高等职业技术教育的模式比较

本文分析了我国蓬勃发展的高职教育形势,对国内外主要职业教育的培养模式进行了比较,以期为我国高等职业技术教育的健康发展提供帮助。     

区域可持续发展轨迹及其度量

本文在讨论区域可持续发展实质的基础上,对区域的发展过程进行了数学分析,认为区域可持续发展是区域复合系统向理想状态逼近的过程,可持续发展指数的轨迹是一条组合Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ曲线,提出区域可持续发展实现主要取决于克服限制因子所需要的时间、克服限制因子的成本、克服限制因子的成本和收益在区域社群内部的分配。     

昭通地区滑坡泥石流预警系统及其减灾效益分析

阐述了昭通地区滑坡泥石流预警系统的由来与建立。该系统5a成功预报了11起滑坡泥石流灾害,419人幸免于难,预报成功率达58％。表明了在滑坡泥石流点多面广、灾情严重的地区建立预警系统是一条费省效宏的有效路子。