基于炉渣图像处理的生活垃圾焚烧效果快速评测方法

以生活垃圾可燃组分焚烧炉渣为研究对象,基于图像处理技术设计了一种简单快捷的炉渣质量快速评价比色方法 .为验证该方法的可行性,以4种生活垃圾可燃组分（纸类、橡塑、织物、混合组分）制备焚烧炉渣并获取图像信息同时测定热灼减率.结果表明,不同条件下炉渣颜色与热灼减率差异显著,且除橡塑组分外,其余组分炉渣颜色与热灼减率存在显著相关性.选取混合组分炉渣热灼减率与颜色信息分析划分了6个颜色质量等级并生成色卡.该方法将炉渣外貌特征与焚烧炉焚烧效果建立关联,可为垃圾焚烧现场快速评价提供参考.     

循环流化床垃圾焚烧炉正压问题解决方案研究

垃圾成分的不稳定性导致循环流化床(CFB)垃圾焚烧锅炉燃烧情况不稳定,使炉膛正压冒烟,污染环境。本文提出在炉膛二次风入口处增加文丘里管,连通垃圾拨料入口的改造设计方案,来解决CFB垃圾焚烧炉的正压冒烟问题,具有设备简单、改造费用少的优点,对目前CFB焚烧垃圾的控制及污染物控制有重要参考价值及工程应用价值。     

Production,quality and quality assurance of Refuse Derived Fuels (RDFs)

This contribution describes characterization, classification, production, application and quality assurance of Refuse Derived Fuels (RDFs) that are increasingly used in a wide range of co-incineration plants. It is shown in this paper, that the fuel-parameter, i.e. net calorific value [MJ/kg_OS], particle size d₉₀ or d₉₅ [mm], impurities [w%], chlorine content [w%], sulfur content [w%], fluorine content [w%], ash content [w%], moisture [w%] and heavy metals content [mg/kg_DM], can be preferentially used for the classification of different types of RDF applied for co-incineration and substitution of fossil-fuel in different industial sectors. Describing the external production of RDF by processing and confectioning of wastes as well as internal processing of waste at the incineration plant, a case study is reported on the application of RDF made out of different household waste fractions in a 120,000 t/yr Waste to Energy (WtE) circulating fluidized bed (CFB) incinerator. For that purpose, delivered wastes, as well as incinerator feedstock material (i.e. after internal waste processing) are extensively investigated. Starting with elaboration of sampling plan in accordance with the relevant guidelines and standards, waste from different suppliers was sampled. Moreover, manual sorting analyses and chemical analyses were carried out. Finally, results of investigations are presented and discussed in the paper.     

生活垃圾焚烧烟气Hg浓度空间分布及健康风险评估

生活垃圾焚烧的大气Hg排放所带来的人体健康风险一直倍受社会关注。依据上海市DB 31/768—2013《生活垃圾焚烧大气污染物排放标准》中Hg的排放速率限值,采用AERMOD对上海市某生活垃圾焚烧厂排入大气的Hg浓度分布进行计算并借助VOXLER实现三维化空间分布模拟,进而利用健康风险评估模型计算当地居民面临的健康风险,并借助不确定性分析方法—Monte Carlo评估各个参数的敏感性。结果表明:宏观上,大气中Hg的浓度以排放源为中心向周边衰减,空间浓度最大值1.86×10-4mg/m3位于(-500 m,0 m,80 m)处;最大浓度点位的成人和儿童风险区间非致癌危害商值分别为0.200~0.480和0.280~0.620,不会对当地居民造成健康危害,空气吸入量和体重分别是成人和儿童Hg风险计算的主要不确定性因素。     

医疗废物焚烧厂二英排放对周边土壤的影响(2007-2014年)

2007-2014年期间对浙江省某医疗废物焚烧厂（MWI）周边土壤二英含量和指纹特征分布进行跟踪调查,研究焚烧运行排放的二英对周边土壤的影响程度.结果表明,运行前医疗废物焚烧厂周边2.4 km范围内土壤二英基线含量为1.09 ng·kg^-1（以I-TEQ计）,运行后土壤二英含量逐年增加,且距离烟囱500 m范围内增加幅度明显.2014年焚烧炉周边的土壤二英平均含量为7.05 ng·kg^-1（以I-TEQ计）,为基线含量（2007年）的6.47倍.且由主成分分析结果可知,土壤二英的指纹特征分布随着运行时间的增加趋向于焚烧排放的二英指纹特征,2011年和2014年的土壤采样点与焚烧源位置最接近,焚烧厂正常工况排放的烟气及飞灰和启炉工况下的烟气二英对周边土壤的影响程度较大.     

我国垃圾焚烧二噁(口英)类排放源的初步调查

1　IntroductionIncinerationisnotthedominantwaytodisposalofmunicipalsolidwaste (MSW)atpresentinChina[1 ].However,moreandmorecitieswithrapiddevelopmentofeconomyareplanningtobuildMSWincinerationfacilities.AccordingtothelatestresultofinvestigationonMSWtreatme…     

Temporal variation of PCDD/PCDF levels in environmental samples collected near an old municipal waste incinerator

In 1996 and 1997, the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs) were determined in soil and herbage samples taken from 24 sites in the vicinity of an old municipal solid waste incinerator (Montcada, Barcelona, Spain). To determine the temporal variation in the concentrations of PCDD/Fs, recently 24 soiland 24 herbage samples were again collected at the same sampling points and analyzed for PCDD/F levels. In the currentsurvey, PCDD/F concentrations in soils ranged between 0.06 and127 ng I-TEQ kg^-1 (dry matter), with median and mean values of 4.80 and 9.95 ng I-TEQ kg^-1 (dry matter), respectively. In turn, the levels of PCDD/Fs in herbage samples ranged from 0.40 to 1.94 ng I-TEQ kg^-1 (dry matter), with median and mean values of 0.86 and 0.95 ng I-TEQ kg^-1 (dry matter), respectively. The comparison with the data obtained in 1996 and 1997 show that while PCDD/F concentrations in herbage samples decreased substantially during the last two years, no significant differences in the levels of PCDD/Fs in soils were noted. On the other hand, the potential intake of polluted soils from the vicinity of the plant would not imply any significant health risk for the general population living in the area under influence of the facility.     

焚烧炉医疗垃圾输送装置

焚烧炉医疗垃圾输送装置是专门为医疗垃圾焚烧炉研究设计的配套上料设备.具有体积小,操作方便,实现全自动控制等优点.成功地替代了人工上料方式,有效避免了操作者与物料的直接接触.上料速度均匀可调,有利于保证和提高焚烧效率.清洗、消毒方便,符合有关规范要求.     

焚烧炉医疗垃圾输送装置

焚烧炉医疗垃圾输送装置是专门为医疗垃圾焚烧炉研究设计的配套上料设备。具有体积小，操作方便，实现全自动控制等优点。成功地替代了人工上料方式，有效避免了操作者与物料的直接接触。上料速度均匀可调，有利于保证和提高焚烧效率。清洗、消毒方便，符合有关规范要求。     

两段回转窑焚烧炉处理医疗垃圾的实际应用

医疗垃圾是一种含有大量病菌、细菌及化学药剂的危险废物，它的随意排放和不当处理将造成严重的环境污染．危害人体健康。在此介绍了沈阳市拟建的医疗垃圾焚烧厂采用的两段回转窑焚烧炉处理技术的工艺流程、技术指标和设计要点。