Life-cycle assessment of four types of floor covering

Four types of floor covering have been investigated with respect to their environmental impact: linoleum, cushion vinyl, tufted carpet with a woollen pile and tufted carpet with a polyamide pile. The analysis relates to all stages in the life-cycle (from ‘cradle to grave’) and focuses on floor coverings for domestic use. The analysis is performed by means of the method for life-cycle assessment (Dutch approach). Each floor covering is assessed with regard to its environmental impact. This impact can be of various type: depletion of raw materials, cumulative energy requirement, global warming, acidification, tropospheric ozone creation, stratospheric ozone depletion, eutrophication, production of waste and human health. The inventory of environmental interventions (materials, energy requirements, waste and emissions to air, water and soil) was fairly complete. Most interventions relating to the processes that make up the life-cycle of the floor coverings in question could be quantified. A large part of the data is associated with the process energy requirement. In general these data are quite reliable. The results of the impact assessment for linoleum differs considerably from those for other types of floor coverings. Linoleum turns out to be the most environmentally favourable floor covering. It was not possible to differentiate between the environmental impact of cushion vinyl, tufted carpet with a woollen pile and tufted carpet with a polyamide pile.     

Eco-environmental information system of Tianjin City─Design, implementation and applications

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废水处理方案选择专家系统的设计

介绍了一种用于选择工业废水工艺流程方案的专家系统的设计。该系统采用框架式结构对知识进行描述，用指标函数方程进行各种费用的计算比较，最终得出最佳处理工艺流程方案。     

常温酸性腐蚀对热障涂层性能的影响

采用酸性盐雾腐蚀试验对物理气相沉积法制备的热障涂层进行了常温腐蚀,研究了常温酸性盐雾腐蚀对热障涂层的微观形貌以及高温性能的影响.试验结果表明：常温酸性腐蚀使热障涂层表面变得粗糙不平,产生了较大的裂纹.经过150次高温循环氧化后,顶层氧化锆晶粒排列疏松,裂纹进一步扩展,中间层--粘结层氧化速度加快,生成了疏松的TGO层.TGO的体积膨胀效应使得陶瓷/粘结层界面结合力降低,缩短了涂层的使用寿命.     

香根草系统在宁合高速公路边坡防护上的试验

研究了宁合高速公路南京段易塌方地段土壤的基本性质，探讨了该地段频繁塌方的原因，以及香根草在该地区引种的情况。研究表明，香根草在该地区生长良好，有较强的适应性，并可在短时期内在边坡上形成稠密的绿蓠，既绿化了边坡，又能有效控制水土流失和稳定边坡。这一廉价的生物工程技术为香根草系统在该地区公路边坡防护上的应用和推广奠定了基础。     

关于Marpol 73／78附则VI的出台经过及对策

介绍国际海事组织海上环境保护委员会关于Ｍａｒｐｏｌ ７３／７８公约附则ＶＩ的有关焦点问题的讨论情况，该附则Ⅵ业已以议定书形式被外交大会通过。它所涉及的范围较广，技术设备难度大，为贯彻落实该规则尚须在管理上，船舶设备条件等方面下功夫，以满足公约防止船舶对大气污染的要求。     

Excel在环境监测质量控制中的应用

论述了Ｅｘｃｅｌ在环境监测质量控制中的应用，利用微机及程序计算器较以前节省了大量的时间及药品，提高了工作效率，这种方法操作简便、直观、快速     

云南省主要风景区生态环境现状研究

对云南省主要风景区所在４４个县，市的生态环境质量评价表明，优，良，中的县、市占总数的８８．６４％，总体良好。４４个县中有２７个，１０个国家的风景区中有６个均在两个旅游资源区内， 局相对合理。但１０个湖泊中已 有７个水质达不到水质的功能标准，相关的１４个城镇中也９个的空气质量达不到三级标准。     

Institutional and cost implications of multi-project baselines

Starting from a theoreticalnotion of capacity building this paperfocuses on the implications ofmulti-project baselines for costs andinstitutions. Availability of data and thelevel of data aggregation determine to alarge extent the cost of derivingmulti-project baselines. For localinstitutions this implies that theircapacity development needs are linked todecisions made on strictness of baselines.The initial higher costs of multi-projectcalculations in the development stage areeasily offset once more projects will usesuch a baseline. This paper argues theseinitial demands are not as high asexpected. Multi-project approaches willreduce transaction costs, especially forsmall-scale projects, will reducevalidation costs and likely reduce humanresource demands in other stages of theproject cycle.     

滕南煤田煤矸石对土壤的影响分析

通过对山东滕南煤田地区的土壤、煤矸石及部分农作物的灰份进行化学分析，从理论上探讨了其促进植物增产的机理；并认为该煤田3煤层的矸石含有与该地区土壤类似的化学组成，但其所含植物生长需要的主要元素普遍高于土壤中的含量，即煤矸石中含有较丰富的植物生长所需的矿物肥料。