Rainwater utilization and storm pollution control based on urban runo characterization

The characteristics of urban runo s and their impact on rainwater utilization and storm pollution control were investigated in three di erent functional areas of Zhengzhou City, China. The results showed that in the same rain event the pollutant loads (chemical oxygen demand (COD) and total suspended solids (TSS)) in the sampling areas were in the order of industrial area > commercial area > residential area, and within the same area the COD and TSS concentrations of road runo s were higher than those of roof runo s. The first flush e ects in roof and road runo s were observed, hence the initial rainwater should be treated separately to reduce rainwater utilization cost and control storm pollution. The initial roof rainfall of 2 mm in residential area, 5 mm in commercial area and 10 mm in industrial area, and the initial road rainfall of 4 mm in residential area and all the road rainfall in commercial and industrial areas should be collected and treated accordingly before direct discharge or utilization. Based on the strong correlation between COD and TSS (R2, 0.87–0.95) and the low biodegradation capacity (biochemical oxygen demand BOD5/COD < 0.3), a sedimentation process and an e ective filtration system composed of soil and slag were designed to treat the initial rainwater, which could remove over 90% of the pollutant loads. The above results may help to develop better rainwater utilization and pollution control strategies for cities with water shortages.     

淮北市水资源现状分析与可持续利用

淮北市是以地下水作为主要供水水源的城市。多年的超量开采,已造成水位持续下降,供需矛盾日益突出,水资源已成为束缚城市经济可持续发展的重要瓶颈。本文在分析淮北市自然条件和水资源利用现状的基础上,提出了合理使用地下水,充分利用矿区塌陷地表水,开展雨水利用新途径,工业循环节约用水和依法治水等综合举措,对实现淮北市水资源可持续开发利用进行了可行性探讨。     

铜冶炼厂初期雨水处理站工艺改造研究

为确保铜冶炼厂初期雨水处理站出水水质稳定达标,同时能适应进水水质波动,将原使用DTCR脱除重金属工艺改造为生物制剂处理工艺.通过试验和工业化运行,结果表明生物制剂处理工艺对初期雨水中的重金属特别是铜和砷去除效果可分别高于90.3％和87.7％,出水水质能稳定达标.生物制剂处理工艺适用于铜冶炼初期雨水中含低浓度重金属的处理,改造简单,运行成本不高,出水水质稳定.     

海岛地区非常规水资源开发利用现状及保障对策研究

中国海岛众多,且多数海岛属于丘陵区,普遍存在水资源紧缺的问题.非常规水资源可以增加水资源供给,将是海岛地区解决水资源危机的重要途径.本文通过分析海岛地区海水淡化,主要介绍了海水淡化应用现状、存在的问题和不足,探讨了雨水利用的方法,包括雨水收集、存在的问题和不足,对污水回用进行了探讨,对非常水资源的开发利用现状及存在的问题,提出了海岛地区开发利用非常规水资源的保障对策,为海岛地区水资源可持续利用提供了参考.     

The trouble with tanks: unsettling dominant Australian urban water management paradigms

Over the course of Australia's Millennium Drought, urban water managers gained more appreciation of householders' willingness and capacities to respond to water shortages and restrictions, including by installing rainwater tanks (RWTs) for watering gardens. How urban water managers regard tanks and tank users gives insight into their understandings of social sustainability, as found in interviews conducted in 2006 and 2010. These also revealed a growing distance between policymakers and water providers pursuing a broader approach to sustainability in their communities. The RWT is considered here as a limit case for paradigms of urban water management: it challenges conventional distinctions (such as provider/consumer) and heralds a new hydropolitics. These challenges are discussed as seven kinds of trouble with tanks: (1) incompatibility with the management model and vision of modernity enshrined in the ideal of centralised provision in control of accredited water experts; (2) anxieties about control and risk aroused by these private on-site facilities and their non-expert users; (3) equivocation over their environmental effects, normally assessed in hydrological terms that downplay the benefits of green streetscapes; (4) inexplicability of their popularity within dominant economically rationalist models of customers; (5) educational effects that exceed rationalist, individualist models of learning and require more socially realistic, culturally intelligent and practice-oriented approaches; (6) generation of enthusiasms that are spurned as threats to rationality instead of harnessed to energise the sustainability journey and (7) community-building effects that are unthinkable within the neoliberal customer paradigm but graspable to water managers through lay concepts like “dinner table conversations”.     

苏州城区雨水管道沉积物典型污染物分布特征

分别采集了苏州城区商业区、历史文化保护区、文教区和生活区等典型样点的雨水管道沉积物,分析沉积物粒径分布和各分级粒度下碳、氮和磷含量及污染负荷的分布特征.结果表明,各样点沉积物颗粒的中值粒径(D50)为16.55～327.50μm,从大到小为:商业区＞生活区＞历史文化保护区＞文教区,D50与沉积物中总有机碳(TOC)、总...     

城市雨水管网沉积物不同分子量溶解性有机质空间分布及光谱特征

采用超滤法、紫外-可见吸收光谱和三维荧光光谱分析法研究了北京市西城区4个典型功能区(居民区、文教区、交通区、商业区)雨水管网表层沉积物中不同分子量溶解性有机质(DOM)的分布特征和光谱特性。结果表明:雨水管网沉积物DOM以小分子量组分为主,约占整体水平的60%~70%。通过分析还发现,沉积物中小分子量(小于3k Da)DOM主要是类蛋白物质,而腐殖类物质主要集中在DOM的大分子量(大于10k Da)区域,微生物活动对小分子量DOM贡献作用显著,由此可见,DOM的分子组成和结构特性在一定程度上可以作为雨水管网沉积物DOM主成分和来源的衡量指标。4个功能区DOM腐殖化水平较低,表现出随分子量增大DOM腐殖化程度升高的规律。     

基于灰色关联度的西安市水环境承载力状况评价

结合西安市生态社会经济现状,建立与水环境系统密切相关的承载力指标体系;采用AHP法分析确定评价指标的权重,应用灰色关联度法和模糊综合评判构建水环境承载力评价模型,收集近年数据对西安市水环境承载力进行现状评价。结果表明,西安市水环境承载力从2000年的脆弱到2009年的良好大致呈现连年增强的趋势。但从隶属度矩阵发现,增长的动力来源于经济的良好发展势头,而生态系统已经遭到较严重的破坏,且修复不利,同时科技发展对承载力的贡献也呈现逐年下降趋势。研究表明,解决西安市水环境未来面临的恶化趋势的关键在于加速雨水资源化进程推进。     

解决城市水资源短缺问题的探讨

介绍了解决城市水资源短缺问题的对策和措施.对目前广为关注的污水再生利用、雨水的收集和利用等问题进行了综述,提出了相关的注意事项.分别从工程性措施和非工程性措施两方面,对解决城市水资源短缺问题的可能途径进行了探讨.     

农村家园污水人工湿地处理示范工程研究

近年来国内农村家园和乡镇建设了不少人工湿地,但常出现渗漏、堵塞、短流、恶臭、去除效率低、管理粗放、资源未综合利用等问题,能长期正常运行的少,缺乏可靠运行的范例。为此,我们开展了农村家因污水、雨水人工湿地处理及综合利用研究,取得了一定的进展并在四川省成都市安德镇安龙村建设了示范工程。