溶解氧对固定气体流量曝气系统亚硝化特性的影响

通过实时控制系统并结合其他工艺参数的调控,在SBR系统中实现了垃圾渗滤液短程硝化过程的快速启动,并在稳定期考察了固定气体流量曝气系统中溶解氧(DO)对短程硝化的影响。结果表明:在线监测p H的"氨谷"可判断氨氧化反应的终点;采用固定气体流量的曝气方式,使得单周期好氧段后期ρ(DO)高达7.95 mg/L,出水亚硝态氮积累率维持在98.3%左右,氨氮去除率高达96.5%;好氧段后期高溶解氧并没有导致硝化菌(NOB)的再次增长,短程硝化系统稳定。     

实时控制技术在污水生物处理中的研究进展

针对目前污水处理厂采用固定时间控制策略所暴露出的问题，从污水生物处理反应机理上分析了溶解氮（DO），氧化还原电位（ORP）和pH值作为污水生物处理实时控制参数的可行性，得出污水处理过程中反应器内DO，ORP和pH的变化可以间接反应有机物降解和脱氮除磷过程，因此，在理论上可以应用DO，ORP和pH作为实时控制参数控制污水处理过程，综述了当前国内外应用DO，ORP和pH作为实时控制参数控制污水处理过程的研究进展，并分析了目前我国在此研究方向存在的问题，指出进一步加强对污水处理实时控制技术应用基础研究的必要性和紧迫性，并使其与智能控制技术相结合，最终实现污水处理自动化，参27     

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) practices developed by Brazilian companies: an exploratory study

In a world where companies have major influence over the economy, politics, and environment, they must be held accountable for their actions. With this in mind, the publication of sustainability reports is in a company’s best interest, since the disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) and sustainable practices can bring enormous advantages, largely related to a company’s image. The amount of information presented in sustainability reports turns them into valuable sources for research data, allowing analyses related to CSR and management practices, stakeholder relations, language used, among others. However, there is no a paper in the literature that analyzes theses information jointly for the Brazilian companies, and then we decided to explore this theme. This research aimed to identify advances and gaps of CSR practices performed by Brazil companies, through the analysis of 30 sustainability reports published between 2014 and 2015. The main findings indicate that, in general, the analyzed companies are experienced in sustainability reporting; however, there is still room for improvements, including a better mapping and reporting of practices involving the integration of CSR to organizational structure, stakeholder engagement, and continuous improvement practices.     

Effects of human footprint and biophysical factors on the body-size structure of fished marine species

Marine fisheries in coastal ecosystems in many areas of the world have historically removed large-bodied individuals, potentially impairing ecosystem functioning and the long-term sustainability of fish populations. Reporting on size-based indicators that link to food-web structure can contribute to ecosystem-based management, but the application of these indicators over large (cross-ecosystem) geographical scales has been limited to either fisheries-dependent catch data or diver-based methods restricted to shallow waters (<20 m) that can misrepresent the abundance of large-bodied fished species. We obtained data on the body-size structure of 82 recreationally or commercially targeted marine demersal teleosts from 2904 deployments of baited remote underwater stereo-video (stereo-BRUV). Sampling was at up to 50 m depth and covered approximately 10,000 km of the continental shelf of Australia. Seascape relief, water depth, and human gravity (i.e., a proxy of human impacts) were the strongest predictors of the probability of occurrence of large fishes and the abundance of fishes above the minimum legal size of capture. No-take marine reserves had a positive effect on the abundance of fishes above legal size, although the effect varied across species groups. In contrast, sublegal fishes were best predicted by gradients in sea surface temperature (mean and variance). In areas of low human impact, large fishes were about three times more likely to be encountered and fishes of legal size were approximately five times more abundant. For conspicuous species groups with contrasting habitat, environmental, and biogeographic affinities, abundance of legal-size fishes typically declined as human impact increased. Our large-scale quantitative analyses highlight the combined importance of seascape complexity, regions with low human footprint, and no-take marine reserves in protecting large-bodied fishes across a broad range of species and ecosystem configurations.     

2013年度新疆环境申报统计工作思考与建议

对2013年度新疆环境申报统计的创新工作方法进行了较详细的总结。通过统一工作部署,整合统计申报报表制度,严格执行数据质量核查制度,开发“污染源管理系统”,形成了较完善的工作体系,对今后申报统计工作质量的提高提出了思考与建议。     

国家重点监控企业环境统计直报数据质量存在问题及改进建议

作为环境统计的重大改革举措之一,国家重点监控企业环境统计数据直报于2013年开始在全国试运行。随着直报工作的逐步深入,如何在高时效的前提下确保数据质量是直报工作面临的关键问题。归纳了目前学术界对数据质量问题的认识及改进建议,分析了中国现行环境统计数据质量存在的主要问题和原因,结合环境保护部门目前正在试运行的国控源直报系统,客观分析了国控源直报系统在环境数据质量控制方面的具体做法和特点,并针对该项制度在全国层面的进一步实施提出了建议。     

九龙江下游水源水中新发病原微生物和抗生素抗性基因的定量PCR检测

新发水传病原微生物和抗生素抗性基因对于饮用水的生物安全性有重要意义.以7种典型的水传病原微生物和4种抗生素抗性基因作为检测指标,对闽西南地区的重要水源九龙江下游水源水进行了检测.从九龙江下游4个采样点和附近某水厂进出水采集水样,用0.22μm的滤膜过滤后,进行DNA提取及荧光定量PCR检测.结果表明,九龙江下游水源水中Salmonella enterica(Salmonella spp.)、Legionella pneumophila(L.pneumophila)和Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa)等个别指标可达到103、104、105copies.mL-1的水平.有机物浓度可能对病原微生物和抗生素抗性基因的水平有较大影响.水厂常规工艺对于大多数病原微生物和抗生素抗性基因可以实现有效去除,但对Salmonella spp.的去除效果不理想.因此为保证饮用水安全,需要在清理污染源、提高处理工艺水平以及末端控制方面加强管理.     

智能管道时代的管道风险评价技术展望

当前管道风险评价工作普遍使用半定量方法,通过对该方法的应用现状进行总结分析,得出目前半定量风险评价方法存在的问题,包括录入数据准确性不足、评价结果准确性不高,时效性不强等。通过分析物联网、智能移动终端、云技术、大数据等技术开始在管道的应用前景,展望了智能管道时代管道风险评价发展方向:实现管道风险评价实时动态评价,提高风险评价结果的准确性,实现风险的预测预警等,为未来管道风险评价技术发展提供研究思路。     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed:
Rutherford H., Platt et al. Disasters and Democracy: The Politics of Extreme Natural Events
S., Suri Orissa Disaster: Agony of the Living     

盐生杜氏藻烯醇酶基因启动子的克隆分析及胁迫转录应答

为了解盐生杜氏藻(Dunaliella salina)烯醇酶(Enolase)在渗透耐受中的具体功能,利用基因组步行方法和巢式PCR,从D.salina中克隆了烯醇酶基因DsENO 5’上游约2 000 bp的调控序列,并对其进行序列分析.分析表明,它包含多个与转录调控有关的保守序列(如CAAT-box,TATA-box),富含光﹑干旱及其它胁迫应答元件.利用实时荧光定量PCR的方法,研究了高渗﹑高温以及低温外界胁迫条件下DsENO的转录情况,发现其受高渗强烈抑制,高温显著诱导而低温微弱诱导.