Formation potentials of typical disinfection byproducts and changes of genotoxicity for chlorinated tertiary effluent pretreated by ozone

The effects of ozonation on the formation potential of typical disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and the changes of genotoxicity during post chlorination of tertiary effluent from a sewage treatment plant were investigated. Ozonation enhanced the yields of all detected chlorine DBPs except CHCl3. At a chlorine dose of 5 mg/L, the three brominated THMs and five HAAs increased, while chloroform decreased with the increase of ozone dose from 0 to 10 mg/L (ozone dose in consumption base). At a chlorine dose of 10 ...     

Formation potentials of typical DBPs and changes of genotoxicity for chlorinated tertiary effluent pretreated by ozone

The effects of ozonation on the formation potential of typical disinfection byproducts (DBPs) and the changes of genotoxicity during post chlorination of tertiary effluent from a sewage treatment plant were investigated. Ozonation enhanced the yields of all detected chlorine DBPs except CHCl3. At a chlorine dose of 5 mg/L, the three brominated THMs and five HAAs increased, while chloroform decreased with the increase of ozone dose from 0 to 10 mg/L (ozone dose in consumption base). At a chlorine dose of 10 mg/L, the two mixed bromochloro species THMs and two dominant HAAs (DCAA and TCAA) firstly increased and then decreased with the increase of ozone dose, with the turning point approximately occurring at an ozone dose of 5 mg/L. The genotoxicity detected using umu test, on the other hand, was removed from 7 μg 4-NQO/L to a negligible level by ozonation under an ozone dose of 5 mg/L. Chlorination could further remove the genotoxicity to some extent. It was found that SUVA (UV absorbance divided by DOC concentration) might be used as an indicative parameter for monitoring the removal of genotoxicity during the oxidation.     

贵阳市餐厨废弃物资源化体系构建

贵阳市餐厨废弃物资源化、无害化活动刚刚起步,面临着餐厨废弃物回收难等一系列问题。从行政管理、技术两个方面简要介绍了贵阳市餐厨废弃物资源化体系建设的现状,针对其中存在的问题,从政府机构、有资质的餐厨废弃物处理机构、餐饮企业、公众4个层次入手分析,初步构建了贵阳市餐厨废弃物资源化体系,从而促进餐厨废弃物的资源化。     

天津滨海新区围海造地的生态环境影响分析

选择具有重要典型意义的环渤海城市快速扩张地区渤海湾西岸天津滨海新区段为例,从宏观的景观格局变化与时空演变,微观尺度上的近海生态环境变化方面分析了天津滨海新区围海造地的生态环境影响。结果显示:(1)随着天津滨海新区2006年纳入国家发展战略以及总体规划的实施,围海造地面积从2004年的52.32 km2迅速增加2010年的312.78km2,规划到2020年将增加到425.94 km2,人工岸线从41.16 km增加到217.79 km,造成景观自然性急剧下降,人类对近海的干扰强度过大。(2)对纳潮量造成影响,经过围海造地,天津滨海新区段纳潮量减少了13.7%,纳潮量的减少进一步影响了污染物的稀释与扩散。(3)海洋生态功能受到影响2,010年渤海湾天津滨海新区段的近海生态服务价值将下降18%。     

关于天然草地土壤对CH_4吸收的研究

内蒙古锡盟太仆寺旗天然草地转变为农田后,不同农垦年限下,土壤特性对CH4的吸收有不同的影响。结果表明:天然草地转变为农田后,降低了土壤吸收CH4的能力,CH4的吸收量随开垦年限的增加而逐渐降低,但垦殖20年以上的农田土壤对CH4累积吸收量差异不明显。相关分析表明:土壤有机碳含量、全氮含量是影响土壤CH4吸收的主要因子。     

Increasing urban water self-sufficiency: new era, new challenges

Urban water supplies are traditionally based on limited freshwater resources located outside the cities. However, a range of concepts and techniques to exploit alternative water resources has gained ground as water demands begin to exceed the freshwater available to cities. Based on 113 cases and 15 in-depth case studies, solutions used to increase water self-sufficiency in urban areas are analyzed. The main drivers for increased self-sufficiency were identified to be direct and indirect lack of water, constrained infrastructure, high quality water demands and commercial and institutional pressures. Case studies demonstrate increases in self-sufficiency ratios to as much as 80% with contributions from recycled water, seawater desalination and rainwater collection. The introduction of alternative water resources raises several challenges: energy requirements vary by more than a factor of ten amongst the alternative techniques, wastewater reclamation can lead to the appearance of trace contaminants in drinking water, and changes to the drinking water system can meet tough resistance from the public. Public water-supply managers aim to achieve a high level of reliability and stability. We conclude that despite the challenges, self-sufficiency concepts in combination with conventional water resources are already helping to reach this goal.     

填海造陆的环境效应研究进展

填海造陆是沿海地带缓解人地矛盾的有效手段,在我国方兴未艾。作为大规模的人类干扰活动,填海造陆必然对海岸带系统的各个方面产生巨大影响。需要从自然地理过程的各个要素和人类社会组成的环境系统的统一协调发展中,寻求填海造陆的科学方案,实现海岸带的有序利用。文章结合近年来研究进展详细分析了填海造陆对于土地、水文、生态及气候、原料源地等多方面的环境效应及其关联。结果发现：（1）填海造陆对环境的负效应在种类上多于正效应;（2）填海造陆的影响范围遍及从海到陆的整个海岸带区域;（3）填海造陆效应具有从短期扰动事件到长期生态和物理过程的宽域时间尺度;（4）填海造陆各个效应之间存在着很强的关联和促进机制。未来应加强填海造陆对陆地滨海地区的影响,对气候和海洋地貌等长期自然过程的效应,以及各方面环境效应间的正负反馈机制定量化等方面的研究。     

2010—2020年中国沿海主要海湾形态变化特征

为揭示近期中国沿海主要海湾形态的变化特征,基于Landsat影像提取2010年、2015年和2020年中国沿海主要海湾的空间信息,以海湾岸线类型结构、岸线开发利用程度、海湾面积、海湾形状和平面重心位移作为评价指标,分析2010—2020年中国沿海主要海湾的形态变化特征。结果表明：（1）近10年间中国沿海主要海湾岸线长度及结构变化显著,自然岸线长度和保有率下降;（2）海湾岸线开发利用程度上升,但上升速度开始放缓,大多数海湾属于中等开发程度;（3）海湾面积持续萎缩,但萎缩速度放缓,渤海海区海湾的面积萎缩幅度最大且速度最快;（4）海湾形状的变化趋势存在南北差异,北方趋于复杂,南方趋于简单,总体则趋于简单;（5）海湾平面重心在2015年后趋于稳定,位移距离减小,位移速度放缓。总的来说,海湾形态变化的主导因素是以围填海为主的人类活动,国家层面近年来实施的围填海管控政策和措施已在海湾形态变化方面初步显现成效。研究认为,应对中国沿海的海湾进行基本功能定位和划分,实施精细化分类管理,促进海湾区域“三生空间”布局优化。     

废旧铝、铁片粉煤灰复合混凝剂的制备及在废水处理中的应用

我国粉煤灰和铝、铁片固体废物产量日益增多,危害越来越严重。在高温加热、搅拌条件下,用强酸浸渍粉煤灰和易拉罐碎片,使粉煤灰和废旧铝、铁片资源化,制得废旧铝、铁片粉煤灰复合混凝剂,并用所制得的废旧铝、铁片粉煤灰复合混凝剂处理屠宰废水。在一定条件下,经混凝试验处理后的屠宰废水pH值在7左右,COD去除率为92．0％,SS去除率为98．7％,浊度去除率为98．4％,色度去除率为96．6％。结果表明,粉煤灰和废旧铝、铁片资源化和在废水处理中的应用具有可行性。     

浅析采煤塌陷区生态修复管理机制的完善

采煤塌陷区的生态环境治理是生态环境保护的一项重要内容。当前,采煤塌陷区所在的地方政府已经采取了相关的生态修复措施,并建立了相应的管理机构,有了一定的法制建设进展。但与采煤塌陷区生态修复相关的管理机制尚存在不足,诸如管理主体欠缺、管理体制不顺、法治不健全等问题普遍存在。因此,需要在环境管理转型的要求下进一步完善。