Exploring the capacity of radar remote sensing to estimate wetland marshes water storage

This paper focuses on the use of radar remote sensing for water storage estimation in wetland marshes of the Paraná River Delta in Argentina. The approach followed is based on the analysis of a temporal set of ENVISAT ASAR data which includes images acquired under different polarizations and incidence angles as well as different environmental conditions (water level, precipitation, and vegetation condition). Two marsh species, named junco and cortadera, were monitored. This overall data set gave us the possibility of studying and understanding the basic interactions between the radar, the soil under different flood conditions, and the vegetation structure. The comprehension of the observed features was addressed through electromagnetic models developed for these ecosystems. The procedure used in this work to estimate water level within marshes combines a direct electromagnetic model, field work data specifically obtained to feed the model, the actual ASAR measurements and a well known retrieval scheme based on a cost function. Results are validated with water level evaluations at specific points. A map showing an estimation of the water storage capacity and its error in junco and cortadera areas for the date where the investigation was done is also presented.     

Remote sensing and GIS for wetland inventory, mapping and change analysis

A multiple purpose wetland inventory is being developed and promoted through partnerships and specific analyses at different scales in response to past uncertainties and gaps in inventory coverage. A partnership approach is being promoted through the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands to enable a global inventory database to be compiled from individual projects and analyses using remote sensing and GIS. Individual projects that are currently part of this global effort are described. They include an analysis of the Ramsar sites' database to map the distribution of Ramsar sites across global ecoregions and to identify regions and wetland types that are under-represented in the database. Given the extent of wetland degradation globally, largely due to agricultural activities, specific attention is directed towards the usefulness of Earth Observation in providing information that can be used to more effectively manage wetlands. As an example, a further project using satellite data and GIS to quantify the condition of wetlands along the western coastline of Sri Lanka is described and trends in land use due to changes in agriculture, sedimentation and settlement patterns are outlined. At a regional scale, a project to map and assess, using remote sensing, individual wetlands used for agriculture in eight countries in southern Africa is also described. Land cover and the extent of inundation at each site is being determined from a multi-temporal data set of images as a base for further assessment of land use change. Integrated fully within these analyses is the development of local capacity to plan and undertake such analyses and in particular to relate the outcomes to wetland management and to compile data on the distribution, extent and condition of wetlands globally.     

A Calibrated,High‐Resolution GOES Satellite Solar Insolation Product for a Climatology of Florida Evapotranspiration1

Paech, Simon J., John R. Mecikalski, David M. Sumner, Chandra S. Pathak, Quinlong Wu, Shafiqul Islam, and Taiye Sangoyomi, 2009. A Calibrated, High‐Resolution GOES Satellite Solar Insolation Product for a Climatology of Florida Evapotranspiration. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1328‐1342. Abstract: Estimates of incoming solar radiation (insolation) from Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite observations have been produced for the state of Florida over a 10‐year period (1995‐2004). These insolation estimates were developed into well‐calibrated half‐hourly and daily integrated solar insolation fields over the state at 2 km resolution, in addition to a 2‐week running minimum surface albedo product. Model results of the daily integrated insolation were compared with ground‐based pyranometers, and as a result, the entire dataset was calibrated. This calibration was accomplished through a three‐step process: (1) comparison with ground‐based pyranometer measurements on clear (noncloudy) reference days, (2) correcting for a bias related to cloudiness, and (3) deriving a monthly bias correction factor. Precalibration results indicated good model performance, with a station‐averaged model error of 2.2 MJ m^?2/day (13%). Calibration reduced errors to 1.7 MJ m^?2/day (10%), and also removed temporal‐related, seasonal‐related, and satellite sensor‐related biases. The calibrated insolation dataset will subsequently be used by state of Florida Water Management Districts to produce statewide, 2‐km resolution maps of estimated daily reference and potential evapotranspiration for water management‐related activities.     

图像挖掘技术在林火影像中的应用

提出了林火遥感图像挖掘的概念,描述了图像挖掘技术在林火遥感图像上的具体应用及实现,针对林火部门每天产生并存储的有价值的林火遥感图像,结合林火上所特有的领域知识,提出了一种通过对林火遥感图像进行图像挖掘,可以将林火遥感图像分成有火或无火两类图像的方法。该方法的实现对帮助林火工作人员及早发现火情,做出火灾预测并采取相应措施具有重大的意义。     

城市复杂地表TM温度反演及其与MODIS产品的比较

在利用决策树模型将城市复杂地表分为植被、建筑物、水体、裸土等4类进行地表比辐射率估算和利用MODIS近红外数据反演大气水分含量的基础上,采用Jimenez-Munoz单通道算法进行了城市复杂地表TM温度的反演,并将反演结果与EOS MODIS地表温度产品进行了比较分析.结果表明:(1)基于地表信息分类提取后的地表比辐射率和MODIS反演的大气水汽含量得到的地表温度接近于实际状况;(2)反演结果与EOS MODIS地表温度产品对比发现Landsat TIM的陆表温度均值和标准差高于EOS MODIS的陆表温度产品.     

滑坡灾害遥感解译不确定性研究

滑坡灾害遥感解译是遥感技术在滑坡灾害应用中的关键技术.研究表明,滑坡易发性和危险性区划图的误差主要来源于滑坡编目,其中大部分的误差则是源于滑坡编目时航卫片的解译,尤其是小比例尺航卫片的解译.从滑坡灾害解译、解译标志、解译过程等论述了滑坡灾害遥感解译,探讨了影响滑坡灾害遥感解译的不确定性因素,为减少滑坡编目和区划的误差提供参考.     

基于WebGIS的作物病虫害监测预报系统构建

基于WebGIS的主要农作物病虫害预测预报系统,是综合遥感、气象与病虫害模型知识,集成WEBGIS、数据库、ASP.NET等技术建立的全国县级尺度的主要作物病虫害预测预报系统。系统采用B/S(浏览器/服务器)体系结构,达到了在网络平台对空间数据的发布与共享,实现了病虫害预报模型网络化运行和大面积实时的遥感病虫害专题图发布,提高了用户对作物病虫害信息化预测与管理水平,以期达到高效、大面积防治病虫害的目的。     

从地震速报质量看江苏地震速报系统的进步

通过对 1986年以来逐年地震速报质量分析比较 ,回顾了江苏地震速报系统的进步 ,并得到两点认识 :1 地震观测系统建设的进步是提高地震速报水平的基础 ,2 加强地震速报队伍的建设是提高地震速报水平的保障。     

江苏省里下河地区湖泊资源动态研究

根据 198 1年的地形图资料和 1997年的 TM资料 ,利用遥感和 GIS方法对江苏省里下河地区的大纵湖和蜈蚣湖水体信息进行了动态监测 ,发现由于围湖养殖导致两湖面积减少很快 ,滞涝库容急剧下降 ,对该区滞洪和航运带来不利影响 ,并直接影响该区社会经济的可持续发展。针对湖泊面积的减少 ,指出了保护湖泊资源和湖区经济可持续发展的相应对策 ,为该区合理利用湖泊资源提供了参考依据     

遥感技术在城市湖泊演变研究中的应用

以武汉市东湖和沙湖为例,以多时相TM影像为数据源,利用ERDAS软件提取东湖和沙湖1991年、2001年和2006年的水域面积信息从时空两方面对湖泊水域面积的演化特征进行了系统分析。结果表明,1991—2006年湖泊水域面积出现急剧下降,减少了1040.43hm2。分析认为,随着城市经济的发展,对土地的需求会更为迫切,城市湖泊的保护也将面临巨大挑战。遥感技术具有宏观性、动态性与实时性的优势,能够快速、准确地获取大范围地区水域面积变化信息,定量地分析城市湖泊演化规律,为城市湖泊的合理开发、利用和保护提供重要依据。