蔗渣吸附剂的制备及其对氨氮的吸附研究

从炭化蔗渣的炭化温度和用量,吸附动力学、吸附温度,溶液的酸度、组成,吸附等温线及氨氮的存在形式等方面探讨了实验制备的炭化蔗渣吸附去除溶液中氨氮的影响因素。结果表明,直接炭化法蔗渣吸附剂制备的最佳炭化温度为400℃;在初始氨氮浓度一定的条件下,随着吸附剂投加量的增大,炭化蔗渣对氨氮的吸附量减少;炭化蔗渣吸附氨氮的动力学曲线符合准二级动力学模型,吸附常数K2=3.59g(/mg/min);当pH=9.20时炭化蔗渣对氨氮的最大吸附量为10g/kg;在实验的pH范围内,pH=10时炭化蔗渣对氨氮的吸附去除最好;直接炭化法蔗渣吸附剂对氨氮吸附去除的最佳温度是40℃;pH为3.98～9.20时吸附等温线可用Langmuir与Freundlich吸附等温方程进行拟合。     

氢气还原海绵铁去除水体中硝酸盐的研究

利用小球烧结和氢气还原工艺制备了粒径1mm～5mm的多孔性球形海绵铁,对球形海绵铁去除水体中硝酸盐的效率及去除动力学进行了研究。结果表明:溶液初始pH值对硝酸盐去除效率的影响显著,初始pH值小于3时,硝酸盐的去除率随溶液初始pH的增加而逐渐降低;初始pH值大于3时,硝酸盐的去除率又随之升高。硝酸盐浓度低于10mgN/L时,硝酸盐去除率随着硝酸盐初始浓度的增加而增加,硝酸盐的残余量保持在0.4mgN/L左右;硝酸盐浓度高于20mgN/L时,硝酸盐的去除率随初始硝酸盐浓度的增加而略有降低。球形海绵铁去除硝酸盐为一级动力学反应,反应级数为0.970～1.378,表观反应速率常数为0.314h-1～0.536h-1。海绵铁还原硝酸盐的主要产物为氨氮,随着还原反应的进行,溶液pH值快速增加,氨氮以分子态氨的形式从水中逸出。进行归纳总结和对比,并以多环芳烃的提取为例列举了各方法的应用步骤,从而为其他环境样品其他有机物分析预处理提供参考。     

污水生物脱氮除磷工艺的现状与发展

阐述了污水生物脱氮除磷的机理,并按空间和时间顺序介绍了一些经典的脱氮除磷工艺,对其发展趋势作了展望。通过对除磷机理及工艺的介绍和分析,提出应加深对生物除磷机理的研究,从微生物的角度进行工艺调控。     

1000t/d含油废水旋流分离技术及设备研究

将实验室研制的 HL 型旋流器用压力容器式方式并联起来 ,建立 10 0 0 t/ d规模的示范装置 ,并进行试验。示范装置的试验结果表明 ,与工业测试比较 ,HL型旋流器并没有因为规模的放大而造成性能下降 ,它能取代石化行业目前采用的“一隔二浮”流程中的大部分装置 ,具有明显的经济效益和广阔的应用前景     

Comparison of Two Manual Methods of Nitrogen Dioxide Determination in Ambient Air

Sodium arsenite (modified Jacobs and Hochheiser method; hereafter referred as SA), the most widely used manual monitoring method for determination of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) in ambient air, particularly in developing countries has been evaluated and compared with US EPA recommended equivalent method of TGS-ANSA (hereafter referred as ANSA). NO₂ concentrations generated from laboratory test atmosphere were analyzed by these two methods and were compared statistically. Laboratory evaluations showed that SA method has high sensitivity to different sampling conditions, which normally vary during actual field monitoring. Hence, correction factors for absorption efficiency were estimated for SA and ANSA methods. Absorption efficiency of NO₂ in SA method was found to be much lower (64%) as against the reported value of 82% at the method recommended sampling conditions, whereas for ANSA method, it was found 1.0 as against the reported value of 0.93. After applying derived correction factors, both the methods produced almost similar concentration values of NO₂.     

Inorganic nitrogen removal of toilet wastewater with an airlift external circulation membrane bioreactor

Removal of inorganic nitrogen (inorganic-N) from toilet wastewater, using a pilot-scale airlift external circulation membrane bioreactor (AEC-MBR) was studied. The results showed that the use of AEC-MBR with limited addition of alkaline reagents and volumetric loading rates of inorganic-N of 0.19-0.40 kg inorganic-N/(m3·d) helped achieve the desired nitrification and denitrification. Furthermore, the effects of pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) on inorganic-N removal were examined. Under the condition of MLSS at 1.56-2.35 g/L, BOD5/ammonia nitrogen (NH/-N) at 1.0, pH at 7.0-7.5, and DO at 1.0-2.0 mg/L, the removal efficiencies of NH4 -N and inorganic-N were 91.5% and 70.0%, respectively, in the AEC-MBR. The cost of addition of alkaline reagent was approximately 0.5-1.5 RMB yuan/m3, and the energy consumption was approximately 0.72 kWh/m3 at the flux of 8 L/(m2·h).     

海潮引起的海底承压含水层系统中地下水位的波动——海底弱透水层的弹性储水效应

研究了由潜水含水层、在海底延伸的承压含水层和介于其间的弱透水层构成的滨海含水层系统中,弱透水层的弹性储水以及含水层的海潮荷载效应对承压含水层中的地下水位的影响.研究结果表明,当海底弱透水层延伸足够长时,它的弹性储水对承压含水层中的海潮引起的水头波动有增强作用.     

微波消解-分光光度法测定COD的研究

通过试验研究,提出了测定COD的新方法——微波消解-分光光度法。该方法准确度、精密度符合分析要求,与国标中回流法的测定结果没有显著差异。而且采用该方法测定COD可克服回流法、微波消解-滴定法及HACH-COD测定法的操作复杂、耗时长等缺点。     

依兰县绿色食品发展现状与对策初探

针对依兰县绿色食品种植面积,种植基地建设,养殖基地建设,山产品采集基地建设,加工基地建设和销售基地建设及经济效益情况,提出了目前依兰县绿色食品开发已初步形成的标准体系框架并进行论述,评价分析了依兰县绿色食品产业的有利条件和制约困素,并提出发展的对策,使之逐步走向依兰县农业经济的主导地位.     

利用嗜酸性硫杆菌的生物产酸作用处理洗毛废水

利用洗毛废水在低pH条件下,有机物絮凝沉降的特点,通过嗜酸性硫杆菌(Acidophilic thiobacillus)的产酸作用降低体系pH,破坏废水固有的稳定性,改变有机物的亲水性能,实现固液分离,达到去除COD的目的.试验结果表明,生物产酸作用能有效地去除废水COD,改善其脱水性能.当体系pH降至3.00, COD去除率达到最大值91.4%,处理后的废水有很好的机械脱水和沉降性能,比阻从大于9.81×10¹³　m·kg^-1降至5.60×10¹¹ m·kg^-1.而对照处理在整个培养期内,未发生明显的改变,仅有20%的COD被去除.本研究为油脂含量高、难被生物利用的有机废水提供了一条新的处理方法.