污染底泥的原位钝化技术研究进展

底泥是湖泊重要的内源污染来源,关于底泥污染控制的研究近年来受到广泛重视。目前对底泥污染的控制技术主要包括原位处理技术和异位处理技术。原位处理技术主要包括钝化、覆盖、生物修复等。钝化技术是一种高效的湖泊内源污染控制技术,它通过抑制内源营养盐的释放来控制水体营养盐含量。文章综述了底泥原位钝化技术的研究及其应用情况;分析了原位钝化技术的特点及主要功能;介绍了常用底泥钝化剂的应用情况以及新型钝化剂的研究进展;并对原位钝化技术的未来发展进行了展望。     

Implementing falls prevention research into policy and practice in Australia: past, present and future

Introduction

Falls in older Australians are a significant public health issue with one in three older people falling one or more times each year.

Method

Many fall prevention randomized controlled trials have been conducted in Australia as well as across the world.

Results

The findings of these studies now constitute a substantial evidence base that can provide direction for health and lifestyle interventions for preventing falls in older people. This research evidence has contributed to health policy in Australia to some extent, but is yet to be widely implemented into practice. This opinion piece overviews previous policy initiatives and describes a new Partnership research program funded by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), which seeks to further influence health policy and address the ongoing research-practice gap.     

Using the RE-AIM framework to translate a research-based falls prevention intervention into a community-based program: lessons learned

Problem

Exercise-based research interventions demonstrate reduced risk and rates of falls for community dwelling older adults; however, little is known about effective mechanisms for the translation, implementation, and maintenance of these interventions in community settings.

Method

The RE-AIM framework was used to assess the translatability of an effective exercise-based research intervention in a community setting. Questions included: Reach — Would the target population attend? Effectiveness — What was the adherence and compliance to the program? Were there individual improvements in falls risk factors? Adoption: Would staff at the center adopt the program and offer it past the funding period? Implementation — What adaptations, including optimal frequency and duration, should be made to meet the community needs, still adhere to core elements and achieve similar outcomes? Maintenance — Would the program be sustained by our community partners?

Discussion

The process of translating a controlled research intervention targeting older adults at risk of falls into a community setting was challenging. Licensed professionals developed the infrastructure to safely and effectively deliver the program. The end product was highly appealing program to our target audience, resulted in improved outcomes and was successfully adopted and maintained by the community partner.

Summary

Partnerships between community and healthcare providers are key to successful implementation of falls prevention interventions. Lessons learned from this experience can be applied to the translation of future exercise-based falls prevention interventions.     

过氧化氢热爆炸研究进展

过氧化氢作为绿色环保的氧化剂,广泛应用于工业的各个领域,同时也因其热分解爆炸危险性导致了一系列严重的火灾爆炸事故。过氧化氢在高温或与一些不兼容化学物质作用下,将会激发其热危险性,进而引发热失控反应,最终导致爆炸事故的发生。结合近年来国内发生的过氧化氢热爆炸事故,简要概述了其热爆炸事故历程,并从理论研究和实验研究两个方面综述了过氧化氢热爆炸的研究进展。理论研究方面,主要介绍了化学反应失控模型和基于热动力学的研究方法,尤其对基于热失控模型的热风险评估进行了详细的阐述。实验研究方面,分析了高温条件下与杂质催化作用下过氧化氢的热危险性,包括无机杂质和有机杂质。最后就过氧化氢热爆炸的研究提出了进一步的研究方向。     

基于Web的安全评价辅助系统的研究

随着我国经济的迅速发展,安全生产的问题在国民经济中的地位越来越重要,安全评价工作正在各个行业开展。目前,对系统安全状况的评价主要通过人工方式,其主要缺点有评价数据精度不高、评价速度慢、评价操作复杂等。本文设计了一个适合政府部门和企业的安全评价辅助系统。将计算机技术应用于安全评价过程中,较好的克服了人工方式的缺点,并能将评价信息及时完整的反馈给安全工作者。该系统运用MicrosoftSQLServer2000和．NET技术,构建了基于B／S／D／C结构的安全评价辅助系统平台,实现了安全评价报告的撰写等功能。其具有一定的实用性,能满足一般用户对安全评价报告的撰写、快速浏览添加以及统计管理等功能。     

我国尘肺防治的研究进展与展望

生产性粉尘是我国作业场所最普遍且严重威胁劳动者健康的职业有害因素,接触生产性粉尘引发的尘肺病是我国发病最高的职业病。为控制尘肺病的发生,以《中华人民共和国职业病防治法》为依据,我国已经进行了大量配套职业卫生标准的研制工作,同时,在生产粉尘健康危害评价、接尘人群的健康监护和呼吸防护用品研制方面开展了大量科研工作。要达到国际劳工组织和世界卫生组织提出的2030年消除矽肺病目标,我们的尘肺防治工作任重道远。     

包头市大气氟化物排放总量控制管理研究

结合实践,阐述了总量控制管理的必要性和可能性;介绍和分析了总量管理的内容和程序;对主要问题提出对策和措施;形成运行管理机制,提出排氟量计算、污染物输送扩散模型等构成的技术支持系统。      

试论土地资源学的现状与发展趋势

本文从土地资源学科的国内外研究背景;学科的理论基础;研究内容、研究方法和表现形式;发展前景和应用目标等四个方面分析和阐述了土地资源学的现状与发展趋势,从而认为土地资源学作为一门独立的新学科已经初步形成,今后需不断完善理论,丰富实践。     

THE COMPARISON BETWEEN SOUTHERN ANDES AND ANTARCTIC PENINSULA A REVIEW, NEW PROGRESS AND PROSPECT

The comparative research of southern Andes and Antarctic Peninsula is a key to explain the break-up of Gondwanaland. "Cuspate" , "Arcuate", "Continuing". "Overlapping" and "Modified Gulf of California" model illustrated, to some extent, southern Andes-Antarctic Peninsula relations. However, those models did not discuss the dynamic mechanism and specific evolution process of the two Plates' divergence. "Wedge" model, on the bases of eight geological evidences including tectono-stratigraphic unit, strike-slip fault system, carthquake, igneous activity and so on, not only discussed southern Andes-Antarctic Peninsula relations and its evolution process, but also presented an argument that Scotia minor-plate, which once acted as one part of Pacific Plate wedged in between the two Plates and gave rise to the break-up of Gondwanaland-The argument represents the the latest achievement made in geological research there. On the whole, all models mentioned-above are, more or less, of one-sided view. Where the dynam