TEACHING WATER RESOURCES POLICY TO UNWERSITY SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING STUDENTS: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES1

ABSTRACT: Effectively teaching water resources policy to university science and engineering students is both important and difficult. Most careers in the water resources field require an understanding of the comprehensive governmental regulatory structure affecting water use. Also, few science and engineering curricula encourage their students to take policy courses. Successful approaches to teaching water resources policy might include epistemological comparisons, case studies, issue maps, and interactive simulations. Obstacles to the effective teaching of this subject include students' insufficient preparation and student disdain and cynicism. These obstacles may be mitigated by requiring a prerequisite, developing a glossary of policy-related terms, and introducing the course through lectures emphasizing realistic views of the water resources management field and the nature of the American political system.     

Environmental care in agricultural catchments: Toward the communicative catchment

Substantial land degradation of agricultural catchments in Australia has resulted from the importation of European farming methods and the large-scale clearing of land. Rural communities are now being encouraged by government to take responsibility for environmental care. The importance of community involvement is supported by the view that environmental problems are a function of interactions between people and their environment. It is suggested that the commonly held view that community groups cannot care for their resources is due to inappropriate social institutions rather that any inherent disability in people. The communicative catchment is developed as a vision for environmental care into the future. This concept emerges from a critique of resource management through the catchment metaphors of the reduced, mechanical, and the complex, evolving catchment, which reflect the development of systemic and people-centered approaches to environmental care. The communicative catchment is one where both community and resource managers participate collaboratively in environmental care. A methodology based on action research and systemic thinking (systemic action research) is proposed as a way of moving towards the communicative catchment of the future. Action research is a way of taking action in organizations and communities that is participative and informed by theory, while systemic thinking takes into account the interconnections and relationships between social and natural worlds. The proposed vision, methodology, and practical operating principles stem from involvement in an action research project looking at extension strategies for the implementation of total catchment management in the Hunter Valley, New South Wales.     

南极乔治王岛地理环境在科学研究上的意义

作者根据参加中国第5次南极考察的经历,从地理环境尤其是气候和资源对航空、航海、科考的影响,讨论了乔治王岛地区在科学研究上的战略意义。根据对地质基础、矿产、火山活动以及冰川浸蚀历史和地貌现象的讨论,指出该区是研究古气候、古环境、大陆漂移和冰川冰缘地貌的极好场所;并指出该区种类全、数量多且具有南极特征的动植物和奇特的食物链关系是其成为重要生物资源区和受条约保护的特别科学兴趣场所的主要原因。     

含泥沙水样总磷测定方法的研究

对含泥沙水样消解后不用滤膜过滤而改为直接定容于 5 0mL比色管中 ,经钼酸盐、抗坏血酸试剂显色后离心 ,取清液测定。经对比实验表明 ,该法灵敏度、精确度、准确度均满足环境监测技术规范要求 ,有效消除了泥沙对TP测定的影响     

SBR法处理化粪池出水的工艺研究

采用经实验运行得到SBR工艺处理化粪池出水的合理的操作模式,能获得90%以上稳定的COD_(cr)去除率及更好的BOD_5去除效果,NH_3-N去除率大于75%,TN去除率大于45%.并考察了污泥浓度、泥龄、污泥负荷与处理效果的关系,以及闲置期对反应周期的影响.实验结果表明,SBR工艺对处理水质、水量负荷变化很大的化粪池出水,是一种理想的工艺选择.     

SB-A型系列造纸白水回收塔应用研究

介绍SB -A型系列造纸白水回收塔的结构、性能及适用的工艺条件 ,实践表明 ,SB -A型系列造纸白水回收塔回收浆料效率高 ,效益显著     

漆酶在环境保护领域中的研究及应用进展

对漆酶催化活性中心的结构与功能进行分析,总结了漆酶活力检测及影响因素,介绍了漆酶在工业中的应用,详细阐述了在环境保护领域中的应用与研究。     

收缩情境下城市土地利用及其生态系统服务的研究进展

随着国际国内社会经济环境的变化,城市收缩这一新现象逐渐在我国部分城市区域空间中呈现,成为未来新型城镇化转型的挑战之一。在简要梳理城市收缩相关文献的基础上,以土地利用为主线,重点关注收缩情景下的土地利用模拟及其政策、空置土地与城市生态系统服务等方面的相关研究。研究结果表明：（1）当前对城市收缩问题的研究主要集中于人口变动和经济发展维度,对由此引发的土地利用以及生态系统变化关注较少。（2）土地利用模拟在分析和预测收缩情境下的城市土地利用变化上具有较大价值,但不同模型适用于不同研究情景,复合模型将具有更好的解释力。（3）土地利用政策的制定和实施应充分考虑经济社会各方面诉求,绿色空间存储制度是促进收缩城市可持续发展的有力措施。（4）城市收缩产生的空置土地为发展生态系统服务提供了空间,应发展适用于我国城市收缩的生态系统服务评估方法。在我国城镇化进入“存量模式”甚至“减量模式”的背景下,应加大对城市收缩情景下土地利用和生态系统维度的研究,要积极借鉴并整合资源科学、地理学、生态学、管理科学和城市规划等相关学科的研究方法,并紧密结合我国当前城市发展和空间规划所面临的现实问题,促进城市收缩研究的方法创新和收缩城市的可持续发展。     

计算机杂草识别技术的研究现状

针对不同的杂草种类分别采取光谱分析法，颜色分析法，纹理分析法以及外形分析法来识别的特点，介绍了国外在该领域的研究应用进展，提出了计算机杂草识别技术的意义及在我国的发展前景。     

加强环境科技管理促进内蒙古环保事业的发展

本文就内蒙古环保局几年来开展环保科研工作情况进行了总结、回顾 ,并提出今后开展此项工作新思路、新方法、新要求