饮用水源地防控与预警研究

根据全国饮用水源地调查和现行政策法规,结合江苏省及泰州市饮用水源地专项整治情况,全面分析了饮用水源地防控和预警工作中存在的问题,借鉴国外饮用水源地防控预警的特色做法,阐述了适合中国国情的饮用水源防控及预警的10项保护措施,供环保从业人员参考。     

利用硫铁矿烧渣生产铁精粉的研究与探讨

针对辰溪县硫铁矿烧渣的利用现状,以硫铁矿烧渣为原料,制取铁精粉的新工艺进行探讨。通过对硫铁矿烧渣的筛选与理化处理,所得到的铁精粉其各相关指标均达到钢铁生产行业对铁精粉的质量要求。     

城市生活有机垃圾湿式动态厌氧发酵工艺

对城市生活有机垃圾处理技术现状进行分析的基础上,结合我国国情,提出一种新型的湿式动态厌氧发酵工艺。进一步论述了湿式动态厌氧发酵工艺方案选择,重点介绍该工艺的流程,各部分结构的功能。最后,总结该工艺的优点,对工艺的不足之处进行了探讨并提出相应的处理措施。     

One Hundred Questions of Importance to the Conservation of Global Biological Diversity

Abstract:  We identified 100 scientific questions that, if answered, would have the greatest impact on conservation practice and policy. Representatives from 21 international organizations, regional sections and working groups of the Society for Conservation Biology, and 12 academics, from all continents except Antarctica, compiled 2291 questions of relevance to conservation of biological diversity worldwide. The questions were gathered from 761 individuals through workshops, email requests, and discussions. Voting by email to short-list questions, followed by a 2-day workshop, was used to derive the final list of 100 questions. Most of the final questions were derived through a process of modification and combination as the workshop progressed. The questions are divided into 12 sections: ecosystem functions and services, climate change, technological change, protected areas, ecosystem management and restoration, terrestrial ecosystems, marine ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems, species management, organizational systems and processes, societal context and change, and impacts of conservation interventions. We anticipate that these questions will help identify new directions for researchers and assist funders in directing funds.     

Fish consumption reduces transfer of BDE47 from dam to murine offspring

Fish and seafood are important contributions to a healthy diet, but also contain persistent organic pollutants (POPs) like polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Discrepancies have been found between intake and accumulated levels of POPs, where fish consumers have had similar levels of POPs to the general population. Similarly fish oil consumption has been found to reduce accumulation of POPs. This study examined the accumulation of BDE47 or PCB153 in mice fed diets with different nutritional composition, using female mice with pre-weanling pups exposed through gestation and lactation. A fish-based diet was compared to a standard casein-based rodent diet. All diets had low background levels of environmental contaminants and were spiked with BDE47 or PCB153 to levels representing a realistic (∼0.004 μmol kgbw⁻¹ d) or a high dietary exposure (∼1.3 μmol kgbw⁻¹ d). Accumulation of BDE47 or PCB153 in offspring tissues after 18 d lactation reflected the maternal exposure levels. However, the pups of dams fed a fish-based diet had consistently lower BDE47 accumulation in liver, fat and stomach than pups from casein-fed dams. Similarly the pups of dams fed a high dose of PCB153 in a fish diet also accumulated less PCB153 than pups of the dams fed a casein diet, although not significant. In conclusion, the fish based diets seemed to reduce transfer of BDE47 and PCB153 from dams to pups. The study highlights that in-depth knowledge about nutritional impact on toxicokinetics is of great interest to vulnerable consumers.     

Locating industrial VOC sources with aircraft observations

Observation and characterization of environmental pollution, focussing on Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), in a high-risk industrial area, are particularly important in order to provide indications on a safe level of exposure, indicate eventual priorities and advise on policy interventions. The aim of this study is to use the Solid Phase Micro Extraction (SPME) method to measure VOCs, directly coupled with atmospheric measurements taken on a small aircraft environmental platform, to evaluate and locate the presence of VOC emission sources in the Marghera industrial area. Lab analysis of collected SPME fibres and subsequent analysis of mass spectrum and chromatograms in Scan Mode allowed the detection of a wide range of VOCs. The combination of this information during the monitoring campaign allowed a model (Gaussian Plume) to be implemented that estimates the localization of emission sources on the ground.     

认知与方法论双视角下建筑工人不安全行为的研究现状及发展趋势分析

鉴于不安全行为发生时工人处在一个特定主体、空间及时间的三维空间,并存在与之相对应的总体效度、生态效度和时间效度,采用定性方法对认知与方法论双视角下建筑工人不安全行为的研究现状及发展趋势进行了多维度、多效度分析.结果表明:当前认知视角下建筑工人不安全行为研究主要采用具有较高总体效度的自我报告法、行为观察法等传统研究方法,...     

含油废水处理工艺优化研究

在已开发的含油废水处理装置的基础上,对其整体结构、旋分分离部分进行改进,并筛选出性能优良的填料。将原处理装置的单向旋分器改进为双向旋分器、采用YS填料之后,对石油类浓度低于400mg/L的含油废水,经该装置处理后,石油类的去除率达到90%以上;石油类浓度低于80mg/L的含油废水,经该装置处理后,石油类的去除率达95%,石油类的浓度小于10mg/L,达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8798-1996)二级标准的要求。改进后的装置对高、中、低不同浓度石油类的含油废水均有较好的处理效果。     

瓦斯煤尘爆炸特性及传播规律研究进展

概要介绍国内外的瓦斯爆炸和瓦斯煤尘混合物爆炸特性及传播规律研究进展,瓦斯爆炸研究主要集中在瓦斯爆炸压力、火焰、温度等特征参数、不同障碍物对瓦斯爆炸压力、火焰传播的影响以及分岔、拐弯等不同形状管道内的传播规律,而瓦斯煤尘混合物爆炸研究主要集中在瓦斯对煤尘爆炸的最小点火能、爆炸下限、最大爆炸压力等爆炸特性及传播规律的影响。对不同研究人员采用的主要研究指标、手段、方法和研究结论进行综合评述,同时也对爆炸事故人员伤害模型在国内外的研究状况进行讨论,最后指出目前存在的主要问题和下一步的研究方向。