高校消防管理的现状和对策

高校属消防安全重点单位。为有效地防止火灾事故的发生,本文围绕建立一整套消防管理的体系,从四方面展开系统阐述,有很强的操作性,对高校防火工作具有一定的指导意义。     

《淮河流域可持续发展战略研究》撷要

《淮河流域可持续发展战略研究》采取系统科学的方法，提出了较为完整的淮河流可持续发展战略体系，既是中国水利事业步入“大水利”举措的尝试，也弥补了从整体上研究中国大河流域可持续发展战略的不足，对于其他大河流域的可持续发展战略研究具有借鉴意义。     

Sustainable Development of Export： Theoretical Meaning, Evaluation Model, and Empirical Research

With the effect of the human trade doctrine in the international trade field, almost all the countries have paid more attention to the sustainable development of international trade. This article chose the export sustainable development as the research object. On the basis of the analysis of the theoretical connotation of the export sustainable development, this article tried to establish an evaluation indices system and set up an evaluation model of the export sustainable development level, and finally made some empirical research on China. The result indicates that the comprehensive level of the export sustainable development in China showed a tendency to rise from 1985 to 2003 and the export sustainable development level of China in these years can be divided into four grades： excellent, good, moderate and poor. In most years, the social economic benefits of export was obtained at the cost of the deterioration of environment and the depletion of resources, and the economic profit of export did not increase with the enlargement of the export scale because of the deterioration of the terms of trade. Therefore, China should be careful about the problem of poverty accompanied by the increase of export.     

Restoring regenerative systems of production in Sub-Saharan Africa: Research requirements

It is the principal proposition of this paper that formal agricultural research, and its supporting policies and planning, has not responded adequately to the special situation that exists in semi-arid Africa. In many cases the transfer of research approaches based on temperate and more humid tropical experience has contributed to greater instability and the growing environmental crisis. Radically different research structures, objectives, methods and expectations are necessary to contribute to the redevelopment of long term regenerative systems of production that will provide the short and long term needs of the people who live in the semi-arid regions and at the same time protect these environments.     

Towards a science of sustainable upland management in developing countries

Farmers attempting to subsist in tropical uplands often rely upon unsustainable resource use practices that lead to soil erosion, declining crop yields, and a loss of soil productivity capacity. Other uses of tropical uplands, including logging and conversion of forest to rangelands, have similar results. The undesirable effects of these actions are felt on-site, at the watershed level, and even nationally. Ecological cause-effect relationships are poorly understood, and few examples exist of the successful integration of ecological knowledge with upland development. It is hypothesized that recent results of ecological research could be applied to uplands management so that stable sustainable systems of human use may be established. A second hypothesis is that statistically reliable data can be obtained from experiments in upland situations, although natural variations of soils, weather, and vegetation are great. To test these hypotheses, research involving multinational collaboration among American and Southeast Asian scientists has begun. The objective of the work is to provide credible quantitative information to help policy and decision makers and resident farmers to plan and implement improved practices based on ecological principles.Some findings to date include:

燃煤硫分对二氧化硫控制的影响

燃煤硫分不仅对SO2产生量有直接影响,而且对脱硫装置能否正常运行以及经济性也有影响。系统分析了燃煤硫分与脱硫装置的建设和运行、脱硫电价、脱硫成本、SO2绩效指标、煤价的关系,研究了其对SO2控制及经济性的影响,并指出了应对措施。     

Landfill mining: a critical review of two decades of research

Landfills have historically been seen as the ultimate solution for storing waste at minimum cost. It is now a well-known fact that such deposits have related implications such as long-term methane emissions, local pollution concerns, settling issues and limitations on urban development. Landfill mining has been suggested as a strategy to address such problems, and in principle means the excavation, processing, treatment and/or recycling of deposited materials. This study involves a literature review on landfill mining covering a meta-analysis of the main trends, objectives, topics and findings in 39 research papers published during the period 1988-2008. The results show that, so far, landfill mining has primarily been seen as a way to solve traditional management issues related to landfills such as lack of landfill space and local pollution concerns. Although most initiatives have involved some recovery of deposited resources, mainly cover soil and in some cases waste fuel, recycling efforts have often been largely secondary. Typically, simple soil excavation and screening equipment have therefore been applied, often demonstrating moderate performance in obtaining marketable recyclables. Several worldwide changes and recent research findings indicate the emergence of a new perspective on landfills as reservoirs for resource extraction. Although the potential of this approach appears significant, it is argued that facilitating implementation involves a number of research challenges in terms of technology innovation, clarifying the conditions for realization and developing standardized frameworks for evaluating economic and environmental performance from a systems perspective. In order to address these challenges, a combination of applied and theoretical research is required.     

近5年旅游研究发展趋势探讨——基于对国家自然、社会科学基金旅游类项目的分析

基于2008-2012年获批的国家自科基金与社科基金旅游类项目,从学科分类、时空分布、研究问题等角度进行统计分析,以期揭示我国近5年旅游研究进展及发展趋势.研究发现,旅游开发、旅游影响、旅游可持续发展研究为两类项目研究重点.     

安全科技人才教育发展战略研究

我国当前安全事故频发与安全科技人才匮乏有一定的关系，安全科技人才教育公共性的缺失是安全科技人才减少的主要原因，国家要走政府主导型的安全科技人才教育发展之路，从战略的高度对其进行研究，本文就这一问题进行尝试性的探索，旨在为我国安全产生提供数量足够的高质量的安全科技人才，为国家作出更大的贡献。     

The potential of bamboo as an interceptor and converter of solar energy into essential goods and services: focus on Ethiopia

SUMMARY

The sun is the ultimate energy source of the Earth. This energy is a resource if utilised, a menace if not. Plants collect and transform radiant energy to chemical energy through photosynthesis. Part of the converted energy is used for their maintenance, while the remainder is stored as biomass. The living biomass plays a vital role in ecological processes and relationships, and provides essential services: soil and water conservation, a buffer against the adverse effects of rain, wind and sun, aesthetics, recreation, and environmental cleaning. Harvested biomass provides safe energy and materials for production of valuable products through industrial processes and household-based technologies. In the absence of vegetation, solar radiation dries soil moisture and disrupts natural processes essential for healthy ecosystem sustenance. Light-use efficiency of plants is positively correlated with rate of growth and bamboos are among the fastest growing perennial plants. This paper is not a thorough review of radiation or bamboo. The following issues are highlighted: (1) The flow of sunlight to the Earth and its usefulness as a resource if used properly and its tendency to become a nuisance if not. (2) The virtues of bamboos as light interceptors and providers of goods and services, better than many tree species. (3) The endowment of Ethiopia with large natural bamboo resources, the availability of denuded land for expansion, and the urgency for proper management, expansion and utilisation for faster socio-economic development and environmental improvement.