阿哈水库枯水期入库河流可溶性氮、磷含量分布特征

以贵阳市阿哈水库五条入库河流为研究对象,研究了阿哈水库枯水期入库河流水体可溶性氮、磷含量分布特征,可溶性氮组分比例及沿程变化规律。结果表明：五条入库河流水体可溶性氮、磷含量差异较大,可溶性总氮（DTN）、可溶性总磷（DTP）平均含量分别为1.71~9.74 mg/L和0.03~0.52 mg/L。蔡冲河、烂泥沟河、金钟河受人类活动影响较大,水体DTN、DTP含量较高。不同河流水体可溶性氮组分比例差异显著,受人类活动影响小的游鱼河、白岩河,其水体可溶性氮以可溶性有机氮（DON）为主,DON占DTN的比例高达94%。受人类活动影响大的蔡冲河、烂泥沟河、金钟河则相反,以可溶性无机氮（DIN）为主。不同河流氮、磷含量自上到下游沿程波动较大,人为源造成的氮、磷污染远高于自然源。金钟河的DTN、DTP年输入量分别为97.03 t、46.64 t,对阿哈水库的DTN、DTP输入贡献最大,分别达到45%和66%。     

氮和磷对铜山源水库优势藻生长影响实验研究

分别研究了N、P等对铜山源水库优势藻类（绿球藻和舟形硅藻）生长的影响。结果表明，当N／P比为25时，绿球藻生长量最高，其限制因子是磷。绿球藻生长最适pH范围为6－8，生长过程中培养基pH没有显著变化。绿球藻和舟形硅藻混合培养时，绿球藻占优，而硅盐浓度对硅藻生长有明显促进作用。     

天目湖富营养化现状研究

基于2005年天目湖(沙河水库)库体和取水口水质监测资料,分析其水库水质和富营养化状况.结果表明,全年水库透明度为3.10±0.14 m,总氮为0.455±0.036 mg/L,总磷为0.017±0.004 mg/L,N/P比的均值为28.8±9.5,浮游植物生长主要受营养盐磷的限制.采用总氮、总磷、透明度、高锰酸盐指数、溶解氧五项指标作为参数的富营养状态指数,评价结果表明,沙河水库水体营养水平较低,处于贫营养状态.     

山地梯田景观的灾害防御机制与效益分析——以紫鹊界梯田为例

湖南新化县紫鹊界梯田于2005年12月被国务院确定为第六批国家重点风景名胜区之一,梯田坡度在25~40°,共500余级,10万多丘。分析其生态与社会条件表明,紫鹊界梯田之所以可持续利用的灾害防御机制是:发挥了稻田“隐形水库”的集雨功能,趋利避害;分级截流分散蓄水,实现了区域内水资源的重新分配;传统耕作维护了梯田结构。与水平双季稻田相比,该梯田提高了截水量和光能利用率,延长了农闲蓄水时间。     

三峡库区高阳镇塌岸探讨及其防护

随着三峡库区蓄水及移民迁建工程实施，库岸防护问题尤其是城镇库岸防护问题变得日益突出，以湖北兴山县高阳镇为例，探讨该段岸坡变形破坏的特征及其形成原因，并进行了塌岸预测，最后就其防护治理设计提出了以浆砌石护坡与抗滑桩结合的综合治理措施。     

珊溪水库地震震后趋势的快速判定

2002年7月28日珊溪水库库区发生了M_L3.5地震,之后记录到M)L≥1.0地震50余次,最大地震是9月5日M_L3.9地震。7月28日M_L3.5地震发生后,应用“跟踪式后续地震的模糊预测方法”进行了震后趋势跟踪预测。首先,选用多个地震序列资料作为样本,按预测要求,确定震级大小的分类标准,构成分类矩阵,然后,计算每个序列的6项地震活动性指标构成样本矩阵,而用刚刚发生的地震序列构成待判矩阵,应用一种模糊软聚类方法进行判断,得到未来某一时间段内将发生的地震震级属于哪一类。如果使用几个时间段资料、对不同预报期分别建立几组样本矩阵和分类矩阵,则可实现跟踪式震后趋势快速预测。对9月5日M_l3.9地震和震后趋势预测比较准确。本文简单介绍了预测方法和预测效果。     

三峡库区泥石流活动发展趋势的分析预测

三峡水库135m高程蓄水将近，库区泥石流活动对城、镇、移民新村的安全问题备受政府关注。2009年水库175m水位蓄水后，泥石流活动的发展趋势如何?对三峡库区蓄水前、后泥石流环境的变化特点，特别是蓄水后库岸再造过程对泥石流活动的影响，库区工程建设中人类不合理活动可能形成的人为泥石流等因素作了较全面的分析，提出了库区泥石流活动发展趋势的11项预测结果和一点建议，供有关部门讨论和实施库区地质灾害防治规划参考。     

APPLICATION OF THE HEC-4 MONTHLY STREAM FLOW SIMULATION MODEL1

ABSTRACT: The HEC-4 monthly stream flow simulation model, developed by the Hydrologic Engineering Center, Davis, California, is used to extend the available historical stream flow records in the Central Ohio area. The principal objective of this paper is to examine the effectiveness of the HEC-4 model in generating synthetic monthly flows. Important statistical parameters are evaluated in order to relate the statistical properties of the historical and generated flows. In doing so, it is observed that the mean, standard deviation, and skewness of the generated flows are consistently larger than the corresponding estimates based on historical flows. However, results show that these statistics, as well as the lag-1 serial correlation, are generally well maintained by the generated sequences. The degree to which any statistical dissimilarities would be critical, from an engineering design point of view, is demonstrated by utilizing their low flow characteristics. Estimates of reservoir safe-yields, based on a nonsequential mass-curve analysis of the historical and generated low flows, indicate a nominal difference in this particular study.     

RESERVOIR SEDIMENTATION AND ITS CAUSES IN ILLINOIS1

ABSTRACT: During the years 1930 to 1978 a research program has been carried out in Illinois dealing with reservoir sedimentation. Detailed surveys have been made on 107 lakes. A generalized graph allows annual reservoir capacity loss in percent to be estimated based on size of watershed, lake capacity, and watershed ratio. For the 258 square miles of land on the watershed of Lake Springfield, complete soil maps were measured using a graphic digitizer. A computer readable map was produced. The Universal Soil Loss Equation was solved to provide upland soil losses for each acre of the watershed. Average watershed soil loss was 3.96 tons per acre per year, and 24 percent of this was delivered to the lake.     

A QUASI-LINEAR SPATIALLY DISTRIBUTED CELL MODEL FOR THE SURFACE RUNOFF SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: The paper presents a spatially distributed model consisting of cells that are interconnected in a pattern similar to the major drainage network of the watershed. Each cell receives as input the rainfall excess for the area represented by the cell as well as inflows from cells located upstream. Outflow from the cell is derived by routing the total input through the cell assuming it to be a linear reservoir during the storm. The time constant of the cells is however allowed to vary from storm to storm so that the model may be described as a quasi-linear model. The model was tested with rainfall excess and direct surface runoff data available for a medium size watershed with satisfactory results. The time constant was found to be related to the rainfall excess of the storms studied, its value decreasing with the increase in the total rainfall excess.