我国水中余氯测定标准的对比分析

分析了国内水中余氯测定标准的现状,从标准适用范围、标准对象、方法原理、样品预处理、干扰物和方法的精密度等方面对现行标准进行了分析讨论,提出目前国内水中余氯测定标准存在现状复杂、技术内容重复、术语名称和定义不统一、样品预处理、保藏和运输规定与检测方法之间不协调、方法的质量指标不同等问题,并对今后余氯测定标准化工作提出建议,特别是针对标准对象名称混乱和技术内容重复等现象,对标准制/修订工作提出了及时复审或修订标准、对关键技术内容开展比对试验以探讨差异存在必要性等建议。     

甲基红分光光度法测定水中余氯

提出了以甲基红褪色光度法测定水中的余氯。在酸性介质中,余氯使甲基红褪色,最大吸收波长524nm,摩尔吸光系数=1.25×104L/mol·cm。余氯质量浓度在0 0mg/L～1mg/L范围内遵守比耳定律。对甲基红混合溶液的加入量以及样品溶液褪色后其吸光值的稳定性等作了条件试验,并与DPD分光光度法进行了对比测定,两种方法测定结果基本一致。     

区域环境承载力评价在区域环境影响评价中的应用

论述了区域环境影响评价的概念和特点,介绍了区域环境承载力的概念和指标体系,引入了区域环境承载力相对剩余率作为区域环境承载力的评价指标,并通过实例计算,给出了区域环境承载力相对剩余率的具体计算方法和在区域环境承载力评价方面的应用。通过单项环境承载力相对剩余率和综合环境承载力相对剩余率的计算,评价了某市的开发强度和剩余环境容量。     

基于双剪屈服条件的输油管道腐蚀剩余强度可靠性研究

提出基于双剪屈服塑性极限条件的管道可靠性爆破压力可靠度模型,在基于剩余强度可靠性理论基础上,着重分析随机参数,即腐蚀深度、腐蚀长度和运行压力的分布情况,通过经典可靠性计算方法、JC法将非正态分布转化成标准正态分布,从而建立起基于双剪屈服条件的管道腐蚀可靠性计算模型。通过提取现场实验数据进行验算,其结果表明:双剪屈服强度理论算得的爆破压力更接近实验结果,该方法降低API579的保守性,大大提高了可靠性的计算精度。     

Time discounting and the decision to protect areas that are near and threatened or remote and cheap to acquire

Should conservation organizations focus on protecting habitats that are at imminent risk of being converted but are expensive or more remote areas that are less immediately threatened but where a large amount of land can be set aside? Variants of this trade‐off commonly arise in spatial planning. I used models of land‐use change near a deforestation frontier to examine this trade‐off. The optimal choice of where to protect was determined by how decisions taken today accounted for ecological benefits and economic costs of conservation actions that would occur sometime in the future. I used an ecological and economic discount rate to weight these benefits and costs. A large economic discount rate favored protecting more remote areas, whereas a large, positive ecological discount rate favored protecting habitat near the current deforestation frontier. The decision over where to protect was also affected by the influence economic factors had on landowners' decisions, the rate of technological change, and ecological heterogeneity of the landscape. How benefits and costs through time are accounted for warrants careful consideration when specifying conservation objectives. It may provide a niche axis along which conservation organizations differentiate themselves when competing for donor funding or other support.     

油气输送焊管残余应力测试与安全评价方法研究

针对油气输送焊管残余应力测试与评估技术难题,采用机械切割应力释放法对不同成型工艺和状态焊管的残余应力进行了测试分析对比,结果表明:UOE焊管的残余应力分布水平较低;ERW焊管次之;SSAW焊管的残余应力分布范围较广,有高有低。不同管型和成型工艺及水压试验状态具有明显不同的残余应力分布特征,在进行焊管安全评价时必须区别对待。根据残余应力实测结果提出了焊管安全评价时残余应力的取值建议。研究结果对管道设计、安全分析与评价、焊管残余应力的改善、控制及焊管合理选用具有重要工程意义。     

RESIDUAL POWER AND ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF A SOLAR POWERED IRRIGATION SYSTEM1

ABSTRACT: The problem of nonmatching irrigation and solar power production seasons creates the problem of what to do with the surplus power. The economic law of opportunity cost dictates that substitution for currently commercially purchased power is the best use for this power. This law also allows for new power using enterprises that satisfy specific criteria to be used on the farm before sale of the residual to a local public utility can be considered. Economic and Financial Evaluation of the solar powered irrigation system show that the price of commercially purchased power must reach 9.5 cents per Kwh before the system is feasible under the ideal assumption of complete use of the residual power to substitute for commercially purchased power.     

环保疏浚堆场余水处理生产性试验研究

介绍了环保疏浚底泥堆场和强化自然沉淀的设计方法,并针对环保疏浚工期短、产生的余水量大及其悬浮物含量高的特点,对不同余水处理技术进行了对比分析,选择了加药促沉法余水处理工艺,在太湖环保疏浚示范工程堆场进行了生产规模试验.结果表明,在堆场中设置溢流堰和导流墙,改善堆场的水力条件,延长水流路径,有利于颗粒的自由沉降,提高了颗粒在堆场中的沉淀效率.向输泥管投加絮凝剂,使其在输泥管中快速混合,在堆场中反应、沉淀;向堆场出水投加絮凝剂,通过隔板混合池快速混合,折流反应池反应,在沉淀池中沉淀,这2种投药方式都能保证余水达标排放,其中向堆场出水投加絮凝剂的方式加药量少且容易控制出水水质.      

Biological stability in drinking water: a regression analysis of influencing factors

Some parameters, such as assimilable organic carbon(AOC), chloramine residual, water temperature, and water residence time, were measured in drinking water from distribution systems in a northern city of China. The measurement results illustrate that when chloramine residual is more than 0.3 mg/L or AOC content is below 50μg/L, the biological stability of drinking water can be controlled.Both chloramine residual and AOC have a good relationship with Heterotrophic Plate Counts( HPC)(Iog value), the correlation coefficient was-0.64 and 0.33, respectively. By regression analysis of the survey data, a statistical equation is presented and it is concluded that disinfectant residual exerts the strongest influence on bacterial growth and AOC is a suitable index to assess the biological stability in the drinking water.