油页岩灰渣浸取铝酸钠溶液试验研究

以油页岩废渣为原料,通过酸浸法浸取油页岩灰渣中的铝酸钠溶液。采用焙烧活化方法将废渣中含铝的低活性晶体物质活化为高活性半晶体或非晶体物质,利用酸浸法浸取焙烧后的高活性含铝废渣,得到铝液;依据试验分析了影响酸浸法浸取铝酸钠溶液的主要影响因素为焙烧温度、焙烧时间、浸取酸浓度和浸取温度;得出酸浸法的最佳工艺参数：活化温度850℃,活化时间3h,选用酸浓度40％,浸取温度60℃,此时油页岩废渣铝浸取率为75％。     

城市生活污泥低温催化热解实验研究

文章研究了在固体残留物催化作用下,不同热解温度下污泥热解产物的产率及特性。结果表明,与无催化剂相比,污泥低温热解所得的液体产率、油品产率、气体产率和固体减少率明显增加。油品最大产率所需温度从440℃降低至400℃,油品最大产率从20.5%增加到24.5%,油品的品质有一定的提高。     

现代生物学技术在农兽药残留检测中的应用

农药污染和兽药残留已构成对环境和人类健康的严重威胁,农产品的质量安全问题日益突出,迫切需要开发简便、价廉、快速的农兽药残留快速检测技术。目前各种生物技术已广泛应用于残留快速检测领域,本文主要对免疫分析技术、分子印迹技术、酶活性抑制技术、生物传感器、生物芯片技术等现代生物技术的发展概况及其在农兽药残留检测中的应用进行了概述。并重点介绍了五种免疫分析技术的原理及应用。     

中国生物质能源的定量评价及其地理分布

利用已有统计资料和数据,定量估算了中国生物质能源的数量,并对其地理分布格局进行了探讨。研究表明:①2004年中国生物质资源实物蕴藏量为:秸秆7.28×10⁸t,主要分布在河南、山东、黑龙江、吉林、四川等省;畜粪39.26×10⁸t,主要分布在河南、山东、四川、河北、湖南等省;林木生物质21.75×10⁸t,主要分布在西藏、四川、云南、黑龙江、内蒙古等省区;城市垃圾1.55×10⁸t,主要分布在广东、山东、黑龙江、湖北、江苏等省;废水482.4×10⁸t,主要分布在广东、江苏、浙江、山东、河南等省;②2004年中国生物质能实物总蕴藏潜力为35.11×10⁸tce,前五位依次为四川、云南、黑龙江、河南和内蒙古;其中理论可获得量为4.6×10⁸tce,前五位为四川、黑龙江、云南、西藏和内蒙古。可获得量中秸秆、薪柴和畜粪所占比例分别达38.9%、36.0%和22.14%;③中国生物质能分布不均,省际差异较大。按农村人口计算,人均理论可获得生物质能最大的西藏自治区达14.17tce,最小的浙江省仅0.15tce。而生物质能蕴藏潜力分布在一定程度上与常规一次能源蕴藏潜力分布呈现互补状态,则更加突出了在一次能源蕴藏量较低的地区开发利用生物质能的巨大潜力。     

Persistence and dissipation of dazomet in soil and tomato (lycopersicon esculentum mill) seedlings

The persistence and dissipation pattern of dazomet residues in nursery bed soil and tomato seedlings under field condition and in submerged soil and surface water under laboratory condition was studied. In nursery bed soil the half life (t _1/2) of dazomet ranged from 1.85 to 3.09 days indicating very rapid dissipation. No residues existed in tomato seedlings sown on the treated plots 3 weeks after application and the seedlings were healthy and devoid of any deformation. Under submerged condition dissipation was much faster both in soil and surface water, t_1/2 being 0.82–0.84 days only in water.     

Persistence of chlorpyriphos in okra (Abelmoschus Esculentus) fruits and soil

Persistence of cypermethrin and chlorpyriphos in okra and soil were studied following the application of pre-mix formulation of insecticides Action 505EC (chlorpyriphos 50%?+?cypermethrin 5%) at single (275?g a.i.?ha^?1) and double dose (550?g a.i.?ha^?1). The average initial deposits of chlorpyriphos in okra were observed to be 0.07 and 0.15?mg?kg^?1 in single and double dose, respectively, which dissipated to 92% after 10 days for both the dosages. Residues of soil under okra crop were found to be 0.15?mg?kg^?1 at the single and 0.36?mg?kg^?1 at the double doses. These residues persisted up to 3 days at single and 5 days at double dose. The half-life (t _1/2) periods of chlorpyriphos on okra and soil were observed to be 0.6 days and 1.9 days for single and double dose, respectively. Residues of chlorpyriphos reached below detectable level (BDL) of 0.01?mg?kg^?1 in okra fruits after 7 days at single dose and in 15 days in double dose. In soil, residues of chlopyriphos persisted up to 5 and 7 days in single and double dose, respectively. Following foliar applications of a insecticide formulation (Action 505EC, (chlorpyriphos 50%?+?cypermethrin 5%) on okra at @ 275 and 550?g active ingredient (a.i.)?ha^?1 resulting in active applications of chlorpyriphos at the rate of 250 and 500?g a.i.?ha^?1 the average initial deposits of chlorpyriphos in okra were observed to be 0.07 and 0.15?mg?kg^?1, respectively. These residue levels dissipated to 92% after 10 days at both the dosages. Residues of soil under the okra crop were found to be 15?mg?kg^?1 at the single and 36?mg?kg^?1 at the double dose. The residues persisted up to 3 days at the single and 5 days at the double dose. The half-life (t _1/2) periods of chlorpyriphos on okra were observed to be 0.6 days for application rates, and 1.9 days for soil. Okra fruits and soil samples collected on the 7th and 15th day after application did not show any chlorpyriphos residues above their determination limits of 0.01 and 0.005?mg?kg^?1, respectively.     

Plant Bioavailability of “natural” and “model” Humic acid‐bound [14c] Atrazine residues

The release of bound [14C] atrazine residues and their uptake by maize plants was investigated.

“Natural”; humic acids, extracted from a brown soil, and “model”; humic acids, prepared from catechol, both containing bound [14C] atrazine residues were incubated with plants in soil. After 21 days, the maize plants contained 0.7% (plants grown in soil mixed with “natural”; humic acids) to 1.7% (plants grown in soil mixed with “model”; humic acids) of the radioactivity originally introduced.

The roots contained 55 to 70% of the [14C] residues whereas the remainder was present in the shoots. A significant amount of the total [14C] residues (29 to 53%) became again bound in plant tissues, whereas the, majority of extractable [14C] residues was present in the form of conjugates.

The behaviour of “model”; humic acid‐bound residues was comparable to that of “natural”; humic acid‐bound residues or soil‐bound residues.     

利用环己酮下脚料合成盐酸缓蚀剂

以环己酮下脚料,甲醛和脂肪胺为原料,合成了一种新的盐酸缓蚀剂,用失重法测定了合成物在盐酸中对２０＃碳钢的缓蚀性能,研究了温度和浓度对缓蚀性能的影响,结果表明,在６０℃、２０％盐酸溶液中,添加０．２％合成缓蚀剂,缓蚀效率在９９％以上。     

半干半湿法脱硫灰制砖实验研究

为了解决半干半湿法烟气脱硫过程中产生的固体废物,对脱硫灰与粉煤灰的性能差异进行了比较,对脱硫灰制砖工艺进行了实验研究,结果表明,脱硫灰蒸养法制砖是可行的,制成的脱硫灰砖比粉煤灰砖成本低15%,能大大降低脱硫运行费用,使半干半湿法烟气脱硫有更好的应用前景。      

Quantitative analysis of acetamiprid and imidacloprid residues in tomato fruits under greenhouse conditions

Abstract

A selective liquid chromatographic analytical method was studied for determination of two neonicotinoids, acetamiprid and imidacloprid, in tomato fruits under greenhouse conditions in Egypt. The fruits were extracted and cleaned up by QuEChERS method followed by HPLC determination. The method showed a good linearity with a determination coefficient (R²) of higher than 0.99 for the 0.0125–0.15 µg/mL concentration range. The method was validated using a blank tomato spiked at 5, 25 and 50 mg/kg and the recovery percentages were 83.71, 94.52 and 97.49% for acetamiprid and 88.59, 89.63 and 90.18% for imidacloprid, respectively. The rates of dissipation of both pesticides were studied and the preharvest intervals (PHIs) were calculated. Imidacloprid dissipated faster than acetamiprid and half-life periods were 1.30 and 2.07 days, respectively. Acetamiprid and imidacloprid residues were below the already established European maximum residue limits (EU MRLs) (0.5 mg/kg) 3 and 5 days after application, respectively.