塔里木河中游段治理中的牧区水利建设

塔里木河中下游地区生态环境急剧恶化,最主要的原因是中游段河水近一半21×108m3被人为的散失,造成下游河水所剩无几,致使尾闾台特玛湖干涸。解决的根本办法是将中下游段两岸的农牧民迁出,实现人为耗水为零。近期切实可行的办法是积极开展牧区水利建设,改变牧业生产方式,集中高效利用塔河水资源,发展人工草地,改良天然草场,实现牧业生产生态环境的协调发展,人与自然和谐相处。     

Factors Affecting Sediment Oxygen Demand Dynamics in Blackwater Streams of Georgia’s Coastal Plain1

Abstract: Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) is believed to be an important process affecting dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations in blackwater streams of the southeastern coastal plain. Because very few data on SOD are available, it is common for modelers to take SOD values from the literature for use with DO models. In this study, SOD was measured in seven blackwater streams of the Suwannee River Basin within the Georgia coastal plain for between August 2004 and April 2005. SOD was measured using four in situ chambers and was found to vary on average between 0.1 and 2.3 g O₂/m/day across the seven study sites throughout the study period. SOD was found to vary significantly between the watersheds within the Suwannee River Basin. However, land use was not found to be the driving force behind SOD values. Statistical analyses did find significant interaction between land use and watersheds suggesting that an intrinsically different factor in each of the watersheds may be affecting SOD and the low DO concentrations. Further research is needed to identify the factors driving SOD dynamics in the blackwater streams of Georgia’s coastal plain. Results from this study will be used by the Georgia Department of Natural Resources – Environmental Protection Division as model input data for the development and evaluation of DO total maximum daily loads in the Georgia coastal plain.     

快速城镇化进程中城市河流污染治理问题研究

城市河流是城市的生命线,对于当地经济发展和居民身心健康均有不可替代的重要作用。通过分析我国城市河流污染的总体现状发现,我国城市河流治污面临着城市化进程、区域利益分化、职能部门能力缺失等困境,以此为前提,分别从树立正确的城市河流治污观念、设立流域综合管理机构、预防为主和防控结合、建立科学合理的城市河流生态系统修复模式几方面提出完善对策。     

高含沙体系中影响硝基氯苯迁移转化因素的研究

通过静态吸附实验,研究了去除腐殖质的黄河泥沙对硝基氯苯的吸附规律及机理.实验结果表明,灼烧后的泥沙对硝基氯苯的吸附量随着平衡质量浓度的增加而增高,随粒径的减少而降低.含沙量100 g/L条件下,泥沙中的矿物成分的吸附占总吸附量的71%～82%;腐殖质吸附量占总吸附量的18%～29%.灼烧后的泥沙对硝基氯苯的吸附量随pH值变化较大,pH在6.66左右时吸附量最高.金属离子的存在使吸附量增加,不同金属离子的存在引起吸附量变化的程度不同.     

Chemical Changes in Sediment Pore-Waters of an Acidic Mining Lake After Addition of Organic Substrate and Lime for Stimulating Lake Remediation

In the past five years, enclosures have beeninstalled in an acidic mining lake in Lusatia to investigate insitu remediation processes. They were treated with straw, withstraw and Carbokalk, or with Carbokalk alone, where Carbokalkis a by-product of the sugar industry (solid precipitate ofnon-sugars after lime clarification of extracted sugar beetjuice). Sediment samples were taken as cores to get informationabout the behaviour of organic and inorganic components insediment pore-water with depth. Vertical distributions of pH,soluble reactive phosphate, nitrate, ammonium, silica,aluminium, iron, manganese, calcium, magnesium, sodium,potassium, sulphate, and DOC were measured. The resultingprofiles, each consisting of 15 data points at differentdepths, were compared by cluster analysis. The similarities ofsediment cores from different treated enclosures relating toprofiles of chemical components were discussed. Increasedconcentrations of potassium and sulphate were found in pore-water after substrate treatment. The data imply dissolution ofpotassium iron sulphate hydroxide minerals (jarosite) after anincrease of pH caused by dissolution of lime and by sulphatereducing processes which were stimulated by organic substrateaddition.     

官厅水库底泥对染料的吸附特征研究

采用静态吸附法研究了北京官厅水库底泥对亚甲基蓝、孔雀石绿和刚果红3种染料化合物的吸附行为,探讨了pH值、离子强度、温度等因素对吸附的影响,测定了染料的吸附等温线.结果表明,3种染料的吸附等温线都很好地符合Freundlich方程,底泥对孔雀石绿的吸附量最大.吸附染料过程是在分形表面上发生的反应.不同染料吸附时计算出的分形维数不同,底泥的表面分形维数均处于2～3之间.pH值是影响吸附的主要因素,刚果红和亚甲基蓝受离子强度影响较大.吸附动力学研究表明,吸附分为快速吸附和慢速吸附两个阶段.