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831.
Piia Tint 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):237-248
The first step to chart hazards in the working environment in Estonia (labour force: 0.65 million) was taken by the National Board of Health Protection in the beginning of 1996.The existing chemical, physical, and biological agents in the working environment were investigated with the help of local health inspectors in all counties. An identification of hazards and workers at risk was carried out. The results of the analysis showed that 16% of Estonian industrial workers are exposed to different hazards: 20,000 persons are exposed to noise, 11,000 are working in the conditions of vibration, 10,000 are affected by unsatisfactory microclimate, 6,000 complain about long-lasting work in a compulsory posture, the overexertion of eyes is suffered by 5,500 persons, and physical overload by 3,500 workers. In the group of chemical hazards the greatest numbers of workers are exposed to organic dust (6,500) and welding aerosols (5,400), followed by petroleum products (2,700), and oil-shale dust (4,300). The measurements of working conditions showed that an average of 30.3% of the results are above the standards. Proposals for the improvement of the situation in occupational safety and health are presented. 相似文献
832.
Achim Elfering Veronique Ruppen Simone Grebner 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(3):485-491
Objectives. Evidence increases that cognitive failure may be used to screen for drivers at risk. Until now, most studies have relied on driving learners. This exploratory pilot study examines self-report of cognitive failure in driving beginners and error during real driving as observed by driving instructors. Methods. Forty-two driving learners of 14 driving instructors filled out a work-related cognitive failure questionnaire. Driving instructors observed driving errors during the next driving lesson. In multiple linear regression analysis, driving errors were regressed on cognitive failure with the number of driving lessons as an estimator of driving experience controlled. Results. Higher cognitive failure predicted more driving errors(p < .01) when age, gender and driving experience were controlled in analysis. Conclusions. Cognitive failure was significantly associated with observed driving errors. Systematic research on cognitive failure in driving beginners is recommended. 相似文献
833.
Pierre Canetto 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):141-153
Occupational noise specialists do not generally recommend hearing protection devices (HPDs) as a preferred solution to noise risk prevention. Nevertheless, these devices are widely used and are in fact often necessary. Selection of an HPD should take into account comfort and the capacity for perceiving external signals, when they are worn. Current European regulations require that HPD attenuation be considered, when comparing noise exposure to limit values. However, HPD attenuation is effectively unknown under real-world conditions. Some methods are designed to give approximate attenuation values and these provide results within a wide statistical range. Field measurement methods and current standards have been developed to deal with this situation. The specific characteristic of impulse noise requires establishment of dedicated criteria and tools for HPD selection and testing. This paper introduces a number of avenues for research, which could be of assistance in improving HPD selection, qualification and design. 相似文献
834.
Iqbal Ahmed Khan Zulquernain Mallick 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(2):127-136
This paper presents a study in which the main objective was to investigate the combined effect of noise and vibration on the performance of a readability task in a mobile driving environment. Subjects performed a readability task on a laptop computer in a sitting posture with their backs supported with a backrest under varying levels of noise and vibration. The data in terms of the mean number of characters read per minute were collected and statistically analyzed. Results showed that the individual effect of noise, vibration, and the operators’ gender as well as the interaction between gender and noise, and gender and vibration were statistically significant. However, the combined effect of noise and vibration was not found to be statistically significant. Results also indicated that gender was statistically significant at all levels of noise as well as vibration, and noise and vibration were statistically significant at both levels of gender. 相似文献
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838.
在声学研究分析的基础上,阐述了内燃机噪声测试室的工程设计要点,论证了噪声测试室与试车室共用的可行性。 相似文献
839.
依据武汉、黄石、宜昌、荆州、十堰、襄樊六城市10年监测的数据,在此基础上,运用Daniel统计检验方法,分析湖北省主要城市交通噪声变化趋势、污染因素,并提出控制对策。 相似文献
840.
王洪明 《中国安全科学学报》2006,16(3):36-39,50
听觉是人接受外部刺激的重要信息通道,然而实验表明,行人依靠听觉察觉身后危险的能力很弱,在道路混合交通条件下容易出现行人未及时发现身后驶来的车辆而引发交通事故。由于我国实行车辆靠右侧通行制度,因此,在目前机动车行驶噪声日益受到严格控制的情况下,让行人在混合交通的道路上靠道路的左侧通行,可以使其始终与距离自己最近的车辆保持相互面向,从而充分利用行人视觉对道路危险的良好感知能力,增强行人躲避危险的主动性,减少行人与车辆之间的危险冲突及事故发生。 相似文献