全文获取类型
收费全文 | 6137篇 |
免费 | 554篇 |
国内免费 | 3180篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 178篇 |
废物处理 | 158篇 |
环保管理 | 504篇 |
综合类 | 5086篇 |
基础理论 | 2259篇 |
污染及防治 | 897篇 |
评价与监测 | 343篇 |
社会与环境 | 295篇 |
灾害及防治 | 151篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 63篇 |
2023年 | 221篇 |
2022年 | 313篇 |
2021年 | 334篇 |
2020年 | 291篇 |
2019年 | 310篇 |
2018年 | 316篇 |
2017年 | 343篇 |
2016年 | 410篇 |
2015年 | 401篇 |
2014年 | 453篇 |
2013年 | 699篇 |
2012年 | 548篇 |
2011年 | 542篇 |
2010年 | 436篇 |
2009年 | 411篇 |
2008年 | 367篇 |
2007年 | 457篇 |
2006年 | 436篇 |
2005年 | 347篇 |
2004年 | 291篇 |
2003年 | 280篇 |
2002年 | 239篇 |
2001年 | 218篇 |
2000年 | 200篇 |
1999年 | 137篇 |
1998年 | 99篇 |
1997年 | 110篇 |
1996年 | 101篇 |
1995年 | 108篇 |
1994年 | 74篇 |
1993年 | 65篇 |
1992年 | 44篇 |
1991年 | 52篇 |
1990年 | 42篇 |
1989年 | 29篇 |
1988年 | 15篇 |
1987年 | 16篇 |
1986年 | 9篇 |
1985年 | 2篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1982年 | 3篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 7篇 |
1979年 | 5篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
1972年 | 2篇 |
1971年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有9871条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
941.
942.
短链氯化石蜡(SCCPs)是一类新的持久性有机污染物(POPs),目前我国相关研究较少。为了解SCCPs在土壤中的污染现状和分布特征,测定了24个广州土样(含3个剖面采样点)中SCCPs的含量,分析了其同族体分布模式。结果表明:广州表层土壤中SCCPs的含量变化范围为6.8~541.2ng/g,均值为79.6ng/g;剖面土壤中SCCPs的含量范围为7.5~115.8ng/g,均值为33.1ng/g。不同类型土壤中SCCPs各同系物组分的分布模式相似,以碳原子数为10和11的Cl6-SCCPs/Cl7-SCCPs为主。 相似文献
943.
944.
土壤-植物系统中磷和砷相互作用关系的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
砷元素导致的环境污染问题日益突出,施磷已成为植物修复砷污染土壤过程中必要强化措施之一。土壤-植物系统中磷和砷的相互作用关系是非常复杂的,研究表明:磷和砷在土壤中往往是共生的,但又存在竞争吸附关系;磷和砷在不同植物中的相互作用关系主要有拮抗效应和协同效应;有必要通过分子生物学手段对磷和砷表达基理进行深入研究,获得对砷具有超积累能力的植株。 相似文献
945.
James L. Clayton Walter F Megahan 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1997,33(3):689-703
ABSTRACT: Natural rates of surface erosion on forested granitic soils in central Idaho were measured in 40 m2 bordered erosion plots over a period of four years. In addition, we measured a variety of site variables, soil properties, and summer rainstorm intensities in order to relate erosion rates to site attributes. Median winter erosion rates are approximately twice summer period rates, however mean summer rates are nearly twice winter rates because of infrequent high erosion caused by summer rainstorms. Regression equation models and regression tree models were constructed to explore relationships between erosion and factors that control erosion rates. Ground cover is the single factor that has the greatest influence on erosion rates during both summer and winter periods. Rainstorm intensity (erosivity index) strongly influences summer erosion rates, even on soils with high ground cover percentages. Few summer storms were of sufficient duration and intensity to cause rilling on the plots, and the data set was too small to elucidate differences in rill vs. interrill erosion. The regression tree models are relatively less biased than the regression equations developed, and explained 70 and 84 percent of the variability in summer and winter erosion rates, respectively. 相似文献
946.
Vera Ferreira André Samora-Arvela 《Journal of Environmental Planning and Management》2016,59(7):1238-1256
Climate and land-use/cover changes (LUCC) influence soil erosion vulnerability in the semi-arid region of Alqueva, threatening the reservoir storage capacity and sustainability of the landscape. Considering the effect of these changes in the future, the purpose of this study was to investigate soil erosion scenarios using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model. A multi-agent system combining Markov cellular automata with multi-criteria evaluation was used to investigate LUCC scenarios according to delineated regional strategies. Forecasting scenarios indicated that the intensive agricultural area as well as the sparse and xerophytic vegetation and rainfall-runoff erosivity would increase, consequently causing the soil erosion to rise from 1.78 Mg ha?1 to 3.65 Mg ha?1 by 2100. A backcasting scenario was investigated by considering the application of soil conservation practices that would decrease the soil erosion considerably to an average of 2.27 Mg ha?1. A decision support system can assist stakeholders in defining restrictive practices and developing conservation plans, contributing to control the reservoir's siltation. 相似文献
947.
Benchmarking Optical/Thermal Satellite Imagery for Estimating Evapotranspiration and Soil Moisture in Decision Support Tools 下载免费PDF全文
Jan M.H. Hendrickx Richard G. Allen Al Brower Aaron R. Byrd Sung‐ho Hong Fred L. Ogden Nawa Raj Pradhan Clarence W. Robison David Toll Ricardo Trezza Todd G. Umstot John L. Wilson 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2016,52(1):89-119
Generally, one expects evapotranspiration (ET) maps derived from optical/thermal Landsat and MODIS satellite imagery to improve decision support tools and lead to superior decisions regarding water resources management. However, there is lack of supportive evidence to accept or reject this expectation. We “benchmark” three existing hydrologic decision support tools with the following benchmarks: annual ET for the ET Toolbox developed by the United States Bureau of Reclamation, predicted rainfall‐runoff hydrographs for the Gridded Surface/Subsurface Hydrologic Analysis model developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the average annual groundwater recharge for the Distributed Parameter Watershed Model used by Daniel B. Stephens & Associates. The conclusion of this benchmark study is that the use of NASA/USGS optical/thermal satellite imagery can considerably improve hydrologic decision support tools compared to their traditional implementations. The benefits of improved decision making, resulting from more accurate results of hydrologic support systems using optical/thermal satellite imagery, should substantially exceed the costs for acquiring such imagery and implementing the remote sensing algorithms. In fact, the value of reduced error in estimating average annual groundwater recharge in the San Gabriel Mountains, California alone, in terms of value of water, may be as large as $1 billion, more than sufficient to pay for one new Landsat satellite. 相似文献
948.
土壤污染修复产业是环保产业新一轮发展的重点,其市场规模在未来可能是千亿级或万亿级。我国土壤污染修复产业发展面临要素支撑能力不强、配套基础条件薄弱和环境监管基础能力不足三大难题。需要从强化土壤污染修复人才的引进、储备和培养,以科技创新能力提升支撑土壤污染修复产业的发展,拓展投融资渠道、夯实土壤污染修复产业发展的资金保障三方面入手加强土壤污染修复产业的要素支撑能力建设;培育和壮大土壤污染修复产业集群,推进污染土壤污染修复环境管理与工程示范;完善土壤污染修复产业配套基础条件;加强环境监管能力建设,完善土壤环境管理体系,提升项目管理水平。 相似文献
949.
Moreno-Jiménez E Vázquez S Carpena-Ruiz RO Esteban E Peñalosa JM 《Journal of environmental management》2011,92(6):1584-1590
Re-vegetation is the main aim of ecological restoration projects, and in Mediterranean environments native plants are desirable to achieve successful restoration. In 1998, the burst of a tailings dam flooded the Guadiamar river valley downstream from Aznalcóllar (Southern Spain) with sludges that contained elevated concentrations of metals and metalloids, polluting soils and waters. A phytoremediation experiment to assess the potential use of native shrub species for the restoration of soils affected by the spillage was performed from 2005 to 2007, with soils divided into two groups: pH < 5 and pH > 5. Four native shrubs (Myrtus communis, Retama sphaerocarpa, Rosmarinus officinalis and Tamarix gallica) were planted and left to grow without intervention. Trace element concentrations in soils and plants, their extractability in soils, transfer factors and plant survival were used to identify the most-interesting species for phytoremediation. Total As was higher in soils with pH < 5. Ammonium sulphate-extractable zinc, copper, cadmium and aluminium concentrations were higher in very-acid soils, but arsenic was extracted more efficiently when soil pH was >5. Unlike As, which was either fixed by Fe oxides or retained as sulphide, the extractable metals showed significant relationships with the corresponding total soil metal concentration and inverse relationships with soil pH. T. gallica, R. officinalis and R. sphaerocarpa survived better in soils with pH > 5, while M. communis had better survival at pH < 5. R. sphaerocarpa showed the highest survival (30%) in all soils. Trace element transfer from soil to harvestable parts was low for all species and elements, and some species may have been able to decrease trace element availability in the soil. Our results suggest that R. sphaerocarpa is an adequate plant species for phytostabilising these soils, although more research is needed to address the self-sustainability of this remediation technique and the associated environmental changes. 相似文献
950.
Does the Temporal Resolution of Precipitation Input Influence the Simulated Hydrological Components Employing the SWAT Model? 下载免费PDF全文
Andreas Bauwe Sara Tiedemann Petra Kahle Bernd Lennartz 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2017,53(5):997-1007
This study aimed to evaluate the influence of sub‐daily precipitation time steps on model performance and hydrological components by applying the Green and Ampt infiltration method using the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Precipitation was measured at a resolution of 0.1 mm and aggregated to 5‐, 15‐, 30‐, and 60‐min time steps. Daily discharge data over a 10‐year period were used to calibrate and validate the model. Following a global sensitivity analysis, relevant parameters were optimized through an automatic calibration procedure using SWAT‐CUP for each time step. Daily performance statistics were almost equal among all four time steps (NSE ≈ 0.47). Discharge mainly consisted of groundwater flow (55%) and tile flow (42%), in reasonable proportions for the investigated catchment. In conclusion, model outputs were almost identical, showing simulations responded nearly independently of the chosen precipitation time step. This held true for (1) the selection of sensitive parameters, (2) performance statistics, (3) the shape of the hydrographs, and (4) flow components. However, a scenario analysis revealed that the precipitation time step becomes important when saturated hydraulic conductivities are low and curve numbers are high. The study suggests that there is no need in using precipitation time steps <1 h for lowland catchments dominated by soils with a low surface runoff potential if daily flow values are being considered. Editor's note : This paper is part of the featured series on SWAT Applications for Emerging Hydrologic and Water Quality Challenges. See the February 2017 issue for the introduction and background to the series. 相似文献