Bioconversion of wastes from olive oil industries by vermicomposting process using the epigeic earthworm Eisenia andrei

The present work evaluates the possible bioconversion of wet olive cake by low-cost biostabilization (vermicomposting process). Wet olive cake fresh (WOC), precomposted (WOCP), or mixed with biosolids (WOCB), were vermicomposted for 6 months to obtain organic amendments for agricultural and remediation purposes. The results showed initial differences depending on previous treatment. WOCP was initially more stable, presented a low C:N ratio, and showed more dehydrogenase and urease activity. By contrast, there was no dehydrogenase activity initially in WOC and WOCB, due to the presence of some different types of polyphenols. Finally, the end product showed relatively higher amounts of total nitrogen and humic acid and met the standard of quality for composts and vermicomposts for use both in conventional and organic agriculture and soil-restoration programs.     

响应面法优化克浅十油田废水的混凝沉淀工艺

以克浅十污水处理站原水为研究对象,采用混凝沉淀工艺,探讨优选出的复配混凝剂投加量、助凝剂投加量及静置时间对原水中浊度和总铁去除效果的影响.应用Box-Behnken中心组合实验和响应面分析法,建立混凝剂对处理原水的二次多项式数学模型,确定了混凝沉淀去除原水浊度和总铁的优化工艺参数分别为:复配混凝剂投加量为152.15 mg/L、143.84 mg/L,助凝剂投加量为4.14 mg/L、4.32 mg/L,静置时间为11.77 min、11.22 min.在此工艺条件下回归方程得到的浊度和总铁的去除率预测值与实验值接近,且拟合性良好,误差介于3％～5％之间.通过均值内插法,对比浊度和总铁的多元二次回归方程,推导得出的2组最佳工艺条件均能满足浊度和总铁的去除要求.     

印刷用铝基材碱洗废液的循环利用

对印刷用铝基材碱洗废液进行了循环利用研究。首先将高COD含量的碱洗废液进行除油脱色处理,通过石灰和硬脂酸的协同效应,使COD含量从26300mg／L降至480mg／L,色度降至60°;然后利用含铝碱性废液通过碳化法制备出结晶度66％的拟薄水铝石产品;最后对分离后的碱性废水按配方要求配制,对铝基材进行除油实验,经5次循环表明,除油效果和对铝基材的腐蚀率均100％达标。     

Anti-oxidative property of crude rice oil extracted from cadmium-contaminated rice

Local residents who habitually consume cadmium-contaminated rice (Oryza sativa L.) can be exposed to cadmium toxicity in Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand. This study aimed to investigate an alternative for utilizing cadmium-contaminated rice without compromising their health with hazard risks. First, cadmium (Cd) concentration in rice grain and crude rice oil was determined (0.203 ± 0.030 and 0.007 ± 0.002 mgCd/kg dry weight, respectively). Then crude rice oil extracted from cadmium-contaminated rice grain was studied for its anti-oxidative property using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging approach. Next, quantitative analysis of γ-oryzanol in crude rice oil was conducted. Results indicated that the level of cadmium concentration in the rice grain could cause adverse effects on human health. However, the amount of cadmium in the crude rice oil was safe for consumption. In crude rice oil anti-oxidative property, crude rice oil extracted from cadmium-contaminated rice was significantly higher than the control (P < 0.05). The concentration of γ-oryzanol in crude rice oil extracted from cadmium-contaminated rice was significantly higher than that in the control crude rice oil (P < 0.05). This study demonstrates an alternative way to use the rice grown in cadmium-contaminated areas for crude rice oil production for its anti-oxidative properties.     

罐底含油污泥萃取溶剂的选择与优化

针对某炼化企业在石油储运过程中产生的罐底油泥,进行了油泥样分析和不同萃取剂萃取回收油分实验.经分析该罐底油泥含水率约16.1％,总有机物含量约34.8％,其中可萃取石油类物质约占总有机物成分的67.0％.考察不同溶剂的萃取效果,结果表明,石脑油90 ～ 110℃沸程段的馏分油的萃取效果和工艺可操作性优越于其他常用溶剂,其萃取效果排序为石脑油90～ 110℃沸程段的馏分油＞120#溶剂油＞正庚烷＞石油醚(90 ～ 120℃)＞石油醚(60 ～ 90℃);用石脑油90 ～ 110℃沸程段的馏分油在优化萃取工艺条件下,经两次萃取可分离出大于96％的可萃取油分,罐底油泥中有机物的萃出率可达64％以上,比120#溶剂油萃取效果高出约3％～5％,实现了罐底油泥更深程度的萃取和资源化利用.     

基于GA-BP算法的含油污泥处理 工艺参数优化

在含油污泥进行资源化处理过程中,针对处理目标受多个因素影响的实际,为了解决工艺之间的耦合问题,采用正交实验的方法来解决,并把主要参数作为优化对象,把含油污泥的脱水率作为评价目标,通过采用GA-BP算法对含油污泥耦合工艺正交实验参数进行了线性与非线性分析.在采用遗传算法优化神经网络的权值和阈值的基础上,用优化后的权值和阈值对测试样本和训练样本进行了预测.预测结果表明,预测误差都有明显减小,分别由0.34211减少到0.031549和0.15476减少到0.040682,可见耦合参数趋向于非线性优化.     

废轮胎热解衍生油非加氢脱硫

衍生油是废轮胎热解过程中最重要的产品之一,其最有意义的一种用途是作为燃料来得到较高的附加值.但是衍生油的硫含量较高,且具有恶臭味道,妨碍了它作为燃料的广泛应用.在管式反应器上分别考察了氧化锌、混合脱硫剂、A.D.A和MDEA+环丁砜法对废轮胎高温热解气的非加氢脱硫效果,并对不同的脱硫工艺作了简要的经济评价.结果发现,白土、陶土和石灰粉混合脱硫剂与氧化锌的热解气直接脱硫效果较好,衍生油的硫含量可降低到0.11％左右.采用油气分离的A.D.A脱硫工艺最经济.     

改性油页岩灰渣对水中DNBP吸附去除效果

采用PDMDAAC改性方法对油页岩灰渣进行改性,确定最佳改性方案,并研究了环境因素对改性油页岩灰渣吸附DNBP的影响。实验研究结果表明,油页岩灰渣经20 g/L 的PDMDAAC处理时,对DNBP的吸附能力最强。在吸附温度为30℃,初始溶液pH值为4的条件下,0.3 g 的改性油页岩灰渣对30.0 mg/L DNBP溶液50 mL,吸附120 min时,其吸附率达到94.48%以上。在实验条件下,改性油页岩灰渣对DNBP的吸附符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温吸附方程,相关系数分别为0.9985和0.9776,其对DNBP的理论饱和吸附量达到6.196 mg/g。改性油页岩灰渣对DNBP的吸附主要归因于离子交换和表面吸附作用。     

稠油废水破乳剂的研究进展

介绍了稠油废水的来源、特点和乳化成因,综述了稠油废水破乳剂的研究进展,分析了不同破乳剂的破乳机理和优缺点,并对破乳剂的发展方向进行了展望和建议。     

Transesterification of hazelnut oil by ultrasonic irradiation

Ultrasonic irradiation is considered an effective way to increase mass transfer between immiscible liquid–liquid phases in a heterogeneous system leading to faster transesterification and higher yield and saving excess methanol and catalyst. In this study, the transesteri?cation of hazelnut oil with methanol and ethanol was performed in the presence of potassium hydroxide or sodium methoxide as a catalyst using two types of ultrasonic irradiation with a probe (20 kHz, 200 W) and a bath (35 kHz, 400 W); a conventional production method was also used. The reaction time, alcohol:oil molar ratio, catalyst type (KOH or NaOCH₃), and catalyst amount (wt.% of oil) were studied as experimental parameters. The highest methyl ester conversion was obtained as 98.12% by using ultrasonic probe at a 5:1 methanol:oil molar ratio with KOH 1 wt.% of oil as catalyst in 20-min reaction time at autogenous temperature. The application of ultrasonic irradiation by using a probe decreased the level of energy consumption, showing that this method may be a promising alternative compared with the conventional production method.