催化动力学光度法测定环境中痕量钒的研究

基于Ｖ（ｖ）在ＫＨＰ－ＫＣｌ缓冲溶液中，邻苯二酚活化剂存在下，对溴酸钾氧化邻苯二胺的催化作用、建立了一个测定环境样品中痕量钒的催化动力学光度法。检出限为０．０２ｎｇ／ｍｌＶ，线性范围是０．４－１４ｎｇ／ｍｌＶ，该法用于煤，降尘，人发和尿中钒的测定，结果满意。     

Grab versus composite sampling: A primer for the manager and engineer

Effluent subsamples are usually aggregated into flow or time proportional samples before analysis. Although this provides information on average process conditions, that on process variability is lost by compositing. Fisher's information is defined and used to estimate the loss due to compositing. The results of simulations based on parameters derived from actual waste streams support the fact that random grabs serve as well as composite samples for monitoring purposes. These findings favor changes in regulatory practice to allow compliance to be demonstrated by grab sample averages. Reporting requirements based on moving averages are shown to be inferior to those based on averages taken over nonoverlapping time periods.     

制备标准呼吸性粉尘滤膜样品的实验方法研究

介绍了自制的标准呼吸性粉尘发生装置制备含石英呼吸性粉尘滤膜样品的实验方法。经测试表明：该方法操作简便,制备的呼吸性粉尘样品石英含量均匀,样品质量可控制,粉尘粒度分布和现场样品一致,适用于实验室间或不同方法之间的石英含量比较性研究和质量控制。     

MASS LOAD ESTIMATION ERRORS UTILIZING GRAB SAMPLING STRATEGIES IN A KARST WATERSHED1

ABSTRACT: Developing a mass load estimation method appropriate for a given stream and constituent is difficult due to inconsistencies in hydrologic and constituent characteristics. The difficulty may be increased in flashy flow conditions such as karst. Many projects undertaken are constrained by budget and manpower and do not have the luxury of sophisticated sampling strategies. The objectives of this study were to: (1) examine two grab sampling strategies with varying sampling intervals and determine the error in mass load estimates, and (2) determine the error that can be expected when a grab sample is collected at a time of day when the diurnal variation is most divergent from the daily mean. Results show grab sampling with continuous flow to be a viable data collection method for estimating mass load in the study watershed. Comparing weekly, biweekly, and monthly grab sampling, monthly sampling produces the best results with this method. However, the time of day the sample is collected is important. Failure to account for diurnal variability when collecting a grab sample may produce unacceptable error in mass load estimates. The best time to collect a sample is when the diurnal cycle is nearest the daily mean.     

微量试样破碎仪与降噪防尘结构设计

实验室实验使用的试样，一般都是20-30g的微量。实验前必须对试样进行破碎预处理。由于目前没有满足要求的处理设备。实验人员仍使用传统的手工破碎方法。浪费了时间和精力。介绍一种微量试样破碎处理仪器，既满足实验室微量试样的破碎，还解决了轻质毛发类样品的破碎问题。破碎机构的降噪防尘设计，解决了粉尘和噪音污染的问题，并能在破碎时改善物质的堆积状态。有效地提高了破碎效率。     

论中国环境影响评价公众参与中的若干问题

本文针对中国环境影响评价中公众参与的现状及存在问题，指出公众参与是业主和相关人群双赢的重要举措，公众充分知情是搞好公众参与的前提条件，合理的样本结构和适度的样本空间是公众参与结论客观性的重要保证。     

现代分离技术在环境分析中的应用

对样品进行预处理分离的主要目的是:①浓缩痕量污染物,降低最小检测浓度;②除去干扰物,提高测定的精确度和灵敏度;③通过化学衍生,提高被测物的灵敏度和选择性;④消除对分析系统有害的物质,使仪器保持良好稳定的运行状况。文章综合论述了固相萃取技术、固相微萃取技术、膜萃取技术、超临界流体萃取技术、毛细管电泳技术、加速溶剂萃取技术和微波萃取技术等现代分离技术在大庆油田环境分析中的应用现状以及分离技术的发展前景。     

单扫描示波极谱法测定环境水样中马拉硫磷残留量

本文拟定了一种测定马拉硫磷残留量的极谱法，在０．１ｍｏｌ／ＬＮａＯＨ基底溶液中，用单扫描示波极谱仪制作其阴极化一阶导数极谱曲线，峰电位Ｅｐ为－０．４２Ｖ（ｖｓ．ＳＣＥ），在０．０８－０．５μｇ／ｍｌ范围内ｉ＇ｐ与浓度间呈线性关系。讨论了一些常见农药及离子的干扰情况，以及影响溶出峰电流的因素。方法应用于环境水样中马拉硫磷残留量的测定。变异系数在１０％以内。     

对氨基二甲基苯胺光度法测定水样中硫化物的几个问题

本文介绍用对氨基二甲基苯胺光度法测定水样中硫化物时，如何降低空白值、提高硫化钠标液的稳定度以及提高酸化吹气回收率的原理和方法。     

滴定分析中终点的判断

本文根据分析测定原理和实际工作经验，提出了环境监测工作中几个滴定分析项目的滴定终点判断问题。同时，结合实际，阐述了分析过程中需要注意的有关事宜，对提高分析结果的准确度和精密度有一定指导意义。