油库泵站可燃气体智能型安全检测系统

根据目前油库泵站内存在可燃气体经常泄漏的实际情况,提出并应用计算机信息处理系统解决可燃气体泄漏监控问题。     

蒙德法在火电厂液氨储罐评价单元的应用

火电厂液氨储罐单元存在大量高纯度的液氨,一旦发生火灾、爆炸,后果极其严重。为了研究液氨储罐的火灾爆炸危险性及毒性,在对火电厂液氨储罐危险性辨识的基础上,依据液氨储罐单元的主要参数,运用蒙德法分别确定评价中需要的各种危险性系数,从而进行各项指标计算,查询危险性等级表,将各项指标进行等级划分,结论表明各项危险等级都很高。在得出结论基础上,进行安全措施补偿评价,补偿后的各种危险等级均降低,可见采取补偿措施后能够一定程度的降低火灾、爆炸、毒性的危险性,防止事故的发生。     

液化天然气储罐9％镍钢焊缝相控阵AUT工艺

9％镍钢液化天然气储罐制造安装过程中,焊缝检验通常用常规射线照相（RT）进行。本文研讨用相控阵半自动超声检测（AUT）取代射线照相的工艺制定及验证方法。要领分四步：首先带缺陷专用焊接试样的制备;然后相控阵AUT工艺的编制;其次在有已知缺陷的焊接试样上,对AUTT艺作“开放性”验证试验;最后在现场对整个数据采集系统作“封闭性”操作演示和验证评定试验。验证结果表明相控阵AUT取代RT可行可靠,能凸显AUT种种优势。     

基于水质水量的城镇污水处理厂工艺运行稳定性研究

采用四川省2座位于不同排水服务区域的城镇污水处理厂的样本数据,统计分析了日处理水量,COD、TN、TP浓度及负荷和C/N、C/P等统计量的累积频率分布规律,并分析了各统计量的分布特征对工艺运行稳定性的影响。结果表明,污水处理厂A进水污染物负荷的累积频率分布范围较大,其采用的周期循环活性污泥(CASS)工艺基本能适应进水水质的随机变化,但因存在碳源随机性不足情况,可能导致其脱氮稳定性降低;污水处理厂B进水污染物负荷的累积频率分布范围较小,虽然其采用的厌氧—缺氧—好氧(A2/O)工艺的调控能力较低,但也基本能适应其服务区域内进水水质的随机变化;2座污水处理厂的日处理水量累积频率分布与污染物浓度及负荷的累积频率分布之间均存在显著的差异,日处理水量的累积频率分布比较集中,而污染物浓度及负荷的累积频率分布的离散范围较大,这也潜在威胁到工艺运行的稳定性。总体来看,2座污水处理厂的处理工艺选择恰当,均能较好适应其服务区域的进水水质和水量的要求。     

Ignition temperatures of dust layers and bulk storages in hot environments

In many industrial installations, particulate solids (cereals, agri-food products, coal, plants, etc.) are stored or processed. Self-heating of these products, which can lead to fires and explosions, can occur in a variety of situations. Examples include large storage at room temperature, formation of a layer on a hot surface, layer deposited on a surface – insulating or conductive – in a hot environment or even storage of product exposed to heating on one side.The main parameters that determine the occurrence of self-heating are the size of the container, the temperature, the residence time and the characteristics of the product. Depending on the type of situation encountered and these implementation conditions, the analysis of self-heating risks must be based on specific models and/or parameters.This paper presents the different variants and combinations of the theoretical model from the theory of thermal runaway to represent self-heating, taking into account in particular the symmetry or asymmetry of heating, reagent consumption and boundary conditions. It also discusses their adaptation to the previous identified industrial situations.Nine products were chosen to be representative of those used in the different considered industrial situations. They were subjected to self-heating basket tests in isothermal ovens in order to determine the parameters for applying the described theoretical models. These results were compared with the results of self-heating tests in layers of different thicknesses in a hot environment, on an insulating or conductive plate, using a specially developed test protocol, as well as with the results of standardized tests of minimum ignition temperature in 5 mm layers.This led to the proposal of the most appropriate theoretical model to represent the self-heating phenomenon for each of the four identified industrial situations.This analysis can promote better design of industrial equipment and production conditions (temperatures, volumes or product flows …) in order to prevent fires and explosions.     

粉煤灰资源的农业利用

本文根据粉煤灰农业利用的基础及国内外研究现状，阐述了粉煤灰农业利用现状，包括直接施用于农田、利用粉煤灰生产化肥、贮灰场覆土或不覆土造田和填坑造地等。并对粉煤灰农业利用的前景提出了一些看法。     

溴水氧化-磷钼蓝分光光度法测定水和废水中元素磷

对元素磷水样的采集方法进行了比对；对其测定条件进行了试验；提出有机磷农药对元素磷测定无干扰；在应急监测时可减少水样的清洗次数；该方法的检出限为0．019mg／L、样品的加标回收率为92．69％～97．70％。     

X－射线荧光光谱法测定道路扬尘中21种元素

本文用Ｘ－射线荧光光谱法，一次测定道路扬尘中Ｎａ等２１种元素。人工配制标样，回归法求取校准曲线常数，用散射线内标法和经验系数法校正基体效应。方法的准确度、精密度较好，分析结果令人满意。     

Predatory behavior and chemical communication in two Metapone species (Hymenoptera:Formicidae)

Summary. Colonies of two species of Metapone (M. madagascarica, M. new species.) were collected in Madagascar and established in laboratory nests. It could be demonstrated that both species are specialist predators of termites (Cryptotermes kirbyi). During hunting the ants sting the termites and thereby paralyze and preserve the prey alive. In this way prey can be stored in the ant nest for extended periods. During foraging and colony emigrations the ants lay chemical trails with poison gland secretions. Among the seven compounds identified in the venom only methyl pyrrole-2-carboxylate elicits trail following behavior in both Metapone species. Received 11 February 2002, accepted 23 February 2002.     

大气有机物GC分析预处理中的组分损失

大气有机物在脱水，富集过程中的组分损失造成ＧＣ分析的系统误差。回收率测定表明，在本实验条件下，疏水性有机组分在填充碱石棉与碳酸钾的脱水预柱上的损失率分别为２５％和１５％左右，亲水性的乙醇的损失经高达６０％左右。