水质质控样的制备与应用

水质质控样的制备与应用汪小梅，沈叔平（杭州市环境监测中心站３１０００７）ＰｒｏｐａｒａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＡｐｐｌｉｃａｔｉｏｎＷａｔｅｒＱｕａｌｉｔｙＣｏｎｔｒｏｌＳａｍｐｌｅｓ￥ＷａｎｇＸｉａｏｍｅｌ；ＳｈｅｎＳｈｕｐｉｎｇ（ＨａｎｇｚｈｏｕＥｎｖｉｒ...     

固体进样无焰原子吸收法直接测定树叶中的铬

设计了一种简便,实用的固体进样装置,进行无焰原子吸收测定树叶中的痕量铬.建立了一种准确快速测定树叶中微量元素的方法,适合于常规环境试样分析.特证质量0.9Pg/0.0044A,回收率95-98％,变异系数5.1-5.7％.     

微波辅助溶样方法中的问题与对策

较详细地评述了微波辅助溶样技术在实际应用中存在的挥发物渗透损失、记忆效应、残留物现象及安全操作等问题，以及实际操作对策，以期对分析人员在建立与使用微波制样方法时有所裨益。     

导弹产品基于阿伦尼乌斯方程的环境等效温度计算方法

目的基于阿伦尼乌斯方程,讨论弹上产品加速贮存试验计算加速因子过程中的正常应力水平,即环境等效温度的计算方法。方法根据导弹武器考察周期内的贮存使用环境温度数据,利用阿伦尼乌斯方程在加速应力水平下对应于贮存使用环境不同温度点的加速贮存试验时间之和,与在等效温度下的加速贮存试验时间相等建立方程,得出等效温度的计算公式,并用数据计算结果进行对比分析。结果理论分析和算例均表明,环境等效温度不仅与导弹武器在贮存使用过程中的环境温度及其分布有关,还与试验对象的活化能有关,对加速贮存试验时间的影响很大。结论在对弹上产品开展加速贮存试验计算加速因子过程中,应根据导弹武器贮存使用过程中的环境温度剖面和试验对象的活化能计算等效温度,作为正常应力水平值。     

新型重金属絮凝剂巯基乙酰化磺甲基聚丙烯酰胺除铜除浊性能研究

以聚丙烯酰胺、甲醛、亚硫酸氢钠、氢氧化钠、巯基乙酸为原料,通过化学方法制备出一种新型高分子重金属絮凝剂—巯基乙酰化磺甲基聚丙烯酰胺(MASPAM).采用含Cu(Ⅱ)、含浊水样及其混合水样为处理对象,研究了不同Cu(Ⅱ)初始浓度、原浊、pH值等条件下MASPAM对Cu(Ⅱ)和浊度的去除性能.结果表明,MASPAM对水样中的Cu(Ⅱ)和浊度均具有一定的去除效果.对于单一体系,Cu(Ⅱ)初始浓度为25mg·L-1、pH值为6.0时,Cu(Ⅱ)的最高去除率为94.7%;原浊为230 NTU、pH值为6.0时,浊度的最高去除率为88.9%.对于含Cu(Ⅱ)、含浊混合体系,Cu(Ⅱ)、浊度的去除效果相比单一体系均明显提高,最高去除率分别为98.7%、99.8%,表现出显著的协同效应.     

Assessment of the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of the Jialu River and adjacent groundwater using human-hamster hybrid cells

The Jialu River in China has been seriously polluted by the direct discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater. The predominant contaminants of the Jialu River and its adjacent groundwater were recently investigated. However, the potential genotoxic impact of polluted water on human health remains to be clarified. Here, we used human–hamster hybrid(A_L) cells, which are sensitive for detecting environmental mutagens. We found that the cytotoxicity and mutagenicity of the groundwater in the Jialu River basin were influenced by the infiltration of the Jialu River. Hydrological periods significantly affected the cytotoxicity, but not the mutagenic potential, of surface and groundwater. Further, the mutagenic potential of groundwater samples located 1 km from the Jialu River(S_(M-2) water samples) was detected earlier than that of groundwater samples located approximately 20 km from the Jialu River(S_N water samples). Because of high cytotoxicity, the mutagenic potential of water samples from the Jialu River(S_(M-1) water samples) was not significantly enhanced compared with that of untreated controls. To further assess the mutagenic dispersion potential, an artificial neural network model was adopted. The results showed that the highest mutagenic potential of groundwater was observed approximately 10 km from the Jialu River. Although further investigation of mutagenic spatial dispersion is required, our data are significant for advancing our understanding of the origin, dispersion,and biological effects of water samples from polluted areas.     

Thermal energy storage and thermodynamic properties of (E)-3-m-tolylbut-2-enoic acid as a medium temperature phase change material

Phase change materials (PCMs) that can store and release heat energy over the temperature range from 363 to 393 K are crucial for solar absorption cooling, and it is worthy to seek new solid-liquid PCMs candidates that melt and crystallize in this temperature range. In this paper, (E)-3-m-tolylbut-2-enoic acid (mTBEA) was applied as a PCM candidate. Its thermal energy storage properties and thermal stability were systematically investigated. The results showed that mTBEA melted at 382.9 ± 0.5 K and crystallized at about 364 K, with a melting enthalpy (Δ_fusH) of 138.4 ± 6.9 J g^?1 and showed good long-term cyclic stability and thermal stability. The supercooling of mTBEA was stabilized at about 20 K, indicating that the conservation condition of melted mTBEA could be simple. In addition, the melted mTBEA could release all the absorbed thermal energy upon crystallizing. Besides, mTBEA exhibited good thermal stability for it to be applied as PCM. Hence, mTBEA is a promising PCM candidate for solar absorption cooling. Furthermore, the heat capacity of mTBEA was measured by modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC) over the temperature range from 198.15 to 431.15 K, and the molar thermodynamic functions, [H_T-H_298.15]_m and [S_T-S_298.15]_m, were calculated based on the fitted molar heat capacity data.     

Experimental determination of dust cloud combustion parameters of α-AlH3 powder in its charged and fully discharged states for H2 storage applications

This study discusses results of an experimental program for determination of dust cloud combustion parameters of charged and fully discharged states of metastable alane (aluminum hydride, α-AlH₃ polymorph) powder in air. The measured characterization parameters include: maximum deflagration pressure rise (ΔP_MAX), maximum rate of pressure rise (dP/dt)_MAX, minimum ignition temperature (T_C), minimum explosible concentration (MEC), and minimum ignition energy (MIE). These measured values are used for calculating the associated explosion severity (ES) index, and volume-normalized maximum rate of pressure rise (K_St). The experimental results show values of MEC and T_C of fully discharged alane to be greater than those of the charged alane but measured MIE values are about the same. Moreover, the results show higher reactivity of fully discharged alane dust cloud in air compared to its charged state. For example, ES and K_St of discharged alane dust cloud in air are about 300% and 35% greater, respectively, than ES and K_St of charged alane dust. The higher air reactivity of fully-discharged (primarily Al powder) dust cloud compared to its charged state can be attributed to the higher surface energy (J/m²) of Al compared to that of α-AlH₃. These experimental insights have safety implications in postulated risk scenarios involving light-duty vehicles powered by PEM fuel cells. The core insights and critical data provided by this contribution are useful for supporting development and promulgation of hydrogen safety standards and augmenting property databases of hydrogen storage materials.     

某型末制导炮弹控制舱贮存加速寿命试验应力研究

目的研究某型末制导炮弹控制舱贮存加速寿命试验应力类型。方法在明确某型末制导炮弹控制舱结构特征的基础上,逐一对各部组件进行失效模式及失效机理分析,归纳出影响控制舱失效的主要应力类型。结果影响末制导炮弹控制舱贮存可靠度的主要环境应力是温度和湿度。结论选取温度做单应力加速寿命试验。     

平朔露天煤矿排土场植被恢复树木短期死亡动态研究

以平朔露天煤矿排土场0.8 hm2刺槐+油松混交林复垦模式下固定监测样地为研究平台,以2010年和2015年两次调查数据为基础,分析了五年间样地内主要树种的短期死亡动态.结果表明:样地内所有树木总个体数由1026株减少到947株,死亡个体79株,占2010年总个体数的7.7%,刺槐和油松的平均胸径增量分别为1.44 cm和1.92 cm,样地内所有树木的胸高断面积增加2.3 m2·hm-2,中径级个体(7 cm相似文献