利用RADARSAT SWA SAR和LANDSAT TM的互补信息确定洪水水体范围

从RADARSAT SAR图像中自动提取洪水水体,一直是一个急需解决而又未能得到解决的问题。主要困难是由于阴影与水体严重相混淆。为此,本文研究发现,通过RADARSAT SWA SAR图像和LANDSAT TM图像上的互补信息,利用RADARSAT SWA SAR图像和LANDSAT TM图像上的水体和阴影进行复合处理,可以从RADARSAT SWA SAR图像上准确、半自动提取洪水水体范围。研究结果表明,该方法不仅适用于平地洪水水体范围的半自动提取,而且更适用于包含山区的大范围洪水水体的半自动提取。     

环境一号卫星CCD数据在生态环境监测和评价工作中的应用价值研究

基于环境一号卫星CCD传感器性能,从生态景观角度入手,针对江苏省地形地貌特征,开展了环境一号卫星CCD数据在生态环境监测和评价工作中的应用可行性研究,结果表明环境一号卫星CCD数据可以满足江苏省生态环境监测和评价工作需要,其时间分辨率和幅宽是开展生态监控和预警的重要优势。     

基于环境一号卫星的自然保护区生态系统健康评价

以生态系统健康及压力－状态响应模型作为研究方法,设计了一套基于环境一号卫星CCD数据的自然保护区生态系统健康评价评价方法、指标体系和技术流程.同时选择向海湿地自然保护区为示范区,以环境一号卫星CCD影像为数据源, 对指标, 对其生态系统健康现状进行了评价.结果表明,向海湿地自然保护区生态系统相对不健康、中等健康、较健康和相对健康的区域面积分别占整个自然保护区总面积的46.49%、18.02%、21.18%、14.31%,整个自然保护区生态系统健康水平一般,人类干扰严重,组织结构不太合理.向海湿地自然保护区生态系统健康水平一般的主要原因是人类活动日益增强和年降水量明显减少.     

基于OMI数据的新冠疫情影响下福建省臭氧敏感性变化

基于OMI卫星数据,利用臭氧敏感性指示剂法研究了福建省及其九地市在COVID-19疫情影响下不同时间阶段大气臭氧敏感性特征以及不同情景下敏感性的变化规律.结果表明,在疫情前,福建省的大气臭氧生成控制区面积占比情况为VOC_S控制区占46.5%、协同控制区占25.0%、NO_x控制区占28.5%,以VOCs控制区为主,其中厦门市占比最高,南平市最低;在严控期,VOC_S控制区占29.5%、协同控制区占21.1%、NO_x控制区面积占49.4%,以NO_x控制区为主,其中宁德市占比最高,莆田市最低;在平稳期,VOC_S控制区占23.1%、协同控制区占29.1%、NO_x控制区占47.8%,以NO_x控制区为主,其中南平市占比最高,厦门市最低.与疫情前相比,严控期厦门市VOC_S控制区面积占比减少最多（38.1%）、最少的是三明市（7.9%）;从转化结果来看,第一类城市包括莆田市、泉州市、厦门市,敏感区变化受前体物HCHO、NO₂共同影响,而第二类城市主要受NO₂柱浓度变化影响.因此,第一类城市臭氧调控更加复杂.     

环境一号卫星环境应用系统工程及其关键技术研究进展

简介长达11年的国家重点项目“环境一号卫星环境应用系统工程及其关键技术研究”的核心内容及其重要研究成果,对环境一号卫星系统需求分析、设计理论、研制发射和运行应用全过程进行了完整的研究与实践,为环境一号卫星系统的建设、应用和业务运行奠定了重要基础。     

环境一号卫星CCD数据在太湖蓝藻水华遥感监测中的应用

利用环境一号卫星(HJ-1)CCD数据,对太湖水华进行遥感监测,并比对同时相的EOS/MODIS卫星遥感数据。结果表明,HJ-1星CCD数据具有优于EOS/MODIS数据的蓝藻水华识别能力,并有良好抗云层干扰能力,适合用于太湖蓝藻水华应急监测。     

Measuring Water Storage Fluctuations in Lake Dongting, China, by Topex/Poseidon Satellite Altimetry

Although satellite radar altimetry was developed and optimized for open oceans, it has been used to monitor variations in the level of inland water-bodies such as lakes and rivers. Here, for the first time, we have further used the altimetry-derived variation of water level for estimating the fluctuation of water storage as an addition to the present in situ water storage estimation systems to be used in remote areas and in emergency situation such as in the events flooding monitoring and for studying the effect of climate change. Lake Dongting, the second largest lake in China, influenced frequently by flooding, was, therefore, chosen to demonstrate the potential of the technique. By using the concept of an “assumed reference point”, we converted Topex/Poseidon satellite altimetry data on water level variations in Lake Dongting to “water level” data. The “water level” time-series data and in situ water storage were used to establish a rating curve. From the rating curve, we converted data on “water level” derived from seven years (1993–1999) of Topex/Poseidon data to actual water storage in Lake Dongting. The result reveals that the seasonal and annual fluctuations of water storage occurred during the 1990s with a more frequent flooding at the late 1990s' especially the flooding in whole catchment level in 1998 and 1999. The study supports the usefulness of satellite altimetry for dense and continuous monitoring of the temporal variations in water dynamic in moderate to large lakes.     

非常规突发事件现场应急指挥平台设计与实现

通过研究非常规突发事件以及现场救援指挥的特点和规律,分析应急救援现场指挥业务需求,运用基于XML的Web Service模型,实现跨地区、跨平台信息共享;综合运用卫星通信、3G网络、WebGIS等技术实现突发事件现场与外界远程通信;运用松散耦合、多层设计、分布式等设计理念,集成软件系统和硬件设备,形成便携式指挥平台。该平台可实现图文信息和视频信息远程传输、现场信息快速记录、指挥命令远程传输、跨平台地理信息搜索与显示、气象信息显示、预案查询和知识库查询等7种功能。     

Applying Satellite Imagery to Triage Assessment of Ecosystem Health

Considerable evidence documents that certain changes in vegetation and soils result in irreversibly degraded rangeland ecosystems. We used Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) imagery to develop calibration patterns of change in the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) over the growing season for selected sites for which we had ground data and historical data characterizing these sites as irreversibly degraded. We used the NDVI curves for these training sites to classify and map the irreversibly degraded rangelands in southern New Mexico. We composited images into four year blocks: 1988–1991, 1989–1992, and 1990–1993. The overlap in pixels classified as irreversibly degraded ranged from 42.6% to 84.3% in year block comparisons. Quantitative data on vegetation composition and cover were collected at 13 sites within a small portion of the study area. Wide coverage reconnaissance of boundaries between vegetation types was also conducted for comparisons with year block maps. The year block 1988–1991 provided the most accurate delineation of degraded areas. The rangelands of southern New Mexico experienced above average precipitation from 1990–1993. The above average precipitation resulted in spatially variable productivity of ephemeral weedy plants on the training sites and degraded rangelands which resulted in much smaller areas classified as irreversibly degraded. We selected imagery for a single year, 1989, which was characterized by the absence of spring annual plant production in order to eliminate the confounding effect of reflectance from annual weeds. That image analysis classified more than 20% of the rangelands as irreversibly degraded because areas with shrub-grass mosaic were included in the degraded classification. The single year image included more than double the area classified as irreversibly degraded by the year blocks. AVHRR imagery can be used to make triage assessments of irreversibly degraded rangeland but such assessment requires understanding productivity patterns and variability across the landscapes of the region and careful selection of the years from which imagery is chosen.     

Long‐Range Movement of Humpback Whales and Their Overlap with Anthropogenic Activity in the South Atlantic Ocean

Humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) are managed by the International Whaling Commission as 7 primary populations that breed in the tropics and migrate to 6 feeding areas around the Antarctic. There is little information on individual movements within breeding areas or migratory connections to feeding grounds. We sought to better understand humpback whale habitat use and movements at breeding areas off West Africa, and during the annual migration to Antarctic feeding areas. We also assessed potential overlap between whale habitat and anthropogenic activities. We used Argos satellite‐monitored radio tags to collect data on 13 animals off Gabon, a primary humpback whale breeding area. We quantified habitat use for 3 cohorts of whales and used a state‐space model to determine transitions in the movement behavior of individuals. We developed a spatial metric of overlap between whale habitat and models of cumulative human activities, including oil platforms, toxicants, and shipping. We detected strong heterogeneity in movement behavior over time that is consistent with previous genetic evidence of multiple populations in the region. Breeding areas for humpback whales in the eastern Atlantic were extensive and extended north of Gabon late in the breeding season. We also observed, for the first time, direct migration between West Africa and sub‐Antarctic feeding areas. Potential overlap of whale habitat with human activities was the highest in exclusive economic zones close to shore, particularly in areas used by both individual whales and the hydrocarbon industry. Whales potentially overlapped with different activities during each stage of their migration, which makes it difficult to implement mitigation measures over their entire range. Our results and existing population‐level data may inform delimitation of populations and actions to mitigate potential threats to whales as part of local, regional, and international management of highly migratory marine species. Cuantificación de los Movimientos de Gran Amplitud y el Traslape Potencial con Actividad Antropogénica y las Ballenas Jorobadas en el Océano Atlántico Sur