风云3号气象卫星资料在暴雨预报中的应用

介绍了风云3号(FY-3A)气象卫星资料应用示范项目<卫星资料在暴雨监测预报中的应用>的研究成果.讨论了以FY-3A资料为主,结合风云气象卫星系列其他资料和数值预报产品等,在云团识别的基础上计算云团特征量作为预报因子建立预报方程并计算云团最大降水量的暴雨临近预报方法,以及使用FY-3A资料作为"配料法"配料之一的暴雨6...     

河北省部分典型区域环境卫星CCD影像与Landsat TM影像的对比

根据环境卫星CCD影像与Landsat TM影像,对河北省部分典型区域进行了详细对比研究。结果表明,环境卫星CCD影像和Landsat TM影像在颜色、纹理、形状、大小等方面均存在一些差异,但对生态环境质量评价的影像解译工作影响不大。     

Using historical spy satellite photographs and recent remote sensing data to identify high-conservation-value forests

High-conservation-value forests (HCVFs) are critically important for biodiversity and ecosystem service provisioning, but they face many threats. Where systematic HCVF inventories are missing, such as in parts of Eastern Europe, these forests remain largely unacknowledged and therefore often unprotected. We devised a novel, transferable approach for detecting HCVFs based on integrating historical spy satellite images, contemporary remote sensing data (Landsat), and information on current potential anthropogenic pressures (e.g., road infrastructure, population density, demand for fire wood, terrain). We applied the method to the Romanian Carpathians, for which we mapped forest continuity (1955–2019), canopy structural complexity, and anthropogenic pressures. We identified 738,000 ha of HCVF. More than half of this area was identified as susceptible to current anthropogenic pressures and lacked formal protection. By providing a framework for broad-scale HCVF monitoring, our approach facilitates integration of HCVF into forest conservation and management. This is urgently needed to achieve the goals of the European Union's Biodiversity Strategy to maintain valuable forest ecosystems.     

中国区域紫外辐射红斑剂量时空变化特征

利用大气探测卫星AURA搭载的臭氧观测仪（ozone monitoring instrument,OMI）所获得的紫外辐射红斑剂量数据,分析了2005—2015年中国紫外辐射的时空变化特征。在空间上,紫外线辐射呈现纬度地带性分布,从南向北逐渐减小,大约从4200 J?m^?2到1500 J?m^?2递减。紫外辐射与高程呈现明显的正相关,东部、东北的低海拔地区,紫外辐射相对较低。在高海拨的青藏高原区,紫外辐射高,多年平均值大约为5500 J?m^?2,有些区域可达6000 J?m^?2以上。在时间上,紫外辐射红斑剂量存在明显的季节变化,一年中变化大致呈现抛物线分布。在夏季（7月份）达到最大值,多年平均值为5532.9 J?m^?2,春秋季次之,冬季（12月份）达到最小值,多年平均值为1089.2 J?m^?2。2005—2015年平均紫外线辐射呈上升趋势,但是在2010年出现谷值,多年平均值大约为3016.5 J?m^?2。不同区域的变化趋势表现出明显的空间差异,大体呈现两种模式：在高值的青藏高原区,紫外辐射呈现减少的趋势;在低值区,紫外辐射呈现逐渐增大的趋势。     

香港近海海域叶绿素a定量反演及时空变化分析

以2009~2019年HJ-1A/B卫星多光谱数据和对应日期的实测数据为数据源,通过预处理提取出各波段组合反射率并与实测叶绿素a浓度数据进行统计相关性分析,选取相关性最高的波段组合作为特征变量与2/3的实测叶绿素a浓度数据进行建模,并用剩下的1/3实测叶绿素a浓度数据进行精度验证以确定最佳遥感反演模型,最后根据最佳反演模型对2009-2019年的香港近海海域叶绿素a浓度进行反演,明晰该海域近10年的叶绿素a浓度时空变化特征.结果表明：利用HJ-1A/B卫星多光谱数据反演香港近海海域叶绿素a浓度的最佳波段组合为第3波段和第2波段比值（B3/B2）,相关系数（r）为0.893;最佳反演模型为利用B3/B2构建的e指数回归模型（Chl=0.004e^6.693(B3/B2)）,决定系数（R²）为0.934,均方根误差（RMSE）为0.255μg/L,平均相对误差（RPD）为25%;近10年香港近海海域的叶绿素a浓度时空变化特征：空间上整体呈现“东高西低,由东向西逐渐减小”的分布特征,西部海域比东部海域平均浓度低5μg/L左右;2017年内呈“春低秋高,夏升冬降”的随季节变化特点,其中秋季最高,夏春两季次之,冬季最低.     

Water Resources Modeling of the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna River Basins Using Satellite Remote Sensing Data1

Nishat, Bushra and S.M. Mahbubur Rahman, 2009. Water Resources Modeling of the Ganges‐Brahmaputra‐Meghna River Basins Using Satellite Remote Sensing Data. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 45(6):1313‐1327. Abstract: Large‐scale water resources modeling can provide useful insights on future water availability scenarios for downstream nations in anticipation of proposed upstream water resources projects in large international river basins (IRBs). However, model set up can be challenging due to the large amounts of data requirement on both static states (soils, vegetation, topography, drainage network, etc.) and dynamic variables (rainfall, streamflow, soil moisture, evapotranspiration, etc.) over the basin from multiple nations and data collection agencies. Under such circumstances, satellite remote sensing provides a more pragmatic and convenient alternative because of the vantage of space and easy availability from a single data platform. In this paper, we demonstrate a modeling effort to set up a water resources management model, MIKE BASIN, over the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna (GBM) river basins. The model is set up with the objective of providing Bangladesh, the lowermost riparian nation in the GBM basins, a framework for assessing proposed water diversion scenarios in the upstream transboundary regions of India and deriving quantitative impacts on water availability. Using an array of satellite remote sensing data on topography, vegetation, and rainfall from the transboundary regions, we demonstrate that it is possible to calibrate MIKE BASIN to a satisfactory level and predict streamflow in the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers at the entry points of Bangladesh at relevant scales of water resources management. Simulated runoff for the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers follow the trends in the rated discharge for the calibration period. However, monthly flow volume differs from the actual rated flow by (?) 8% to (+) 20% in the Ganges basin, by (?) 15 to (+) 12% in the Brahmaputra basin, and by (?) 15 to (+) 19% in the Meghna basin. Our large‐scale modeling initiative is generic enough for other downstream nations in IRBs to adopt for their own modeling needs.     

Effects of Soil Moisture Variations on Deposition Velocities Above Vegetation

The parameterized subgrid-scale surface flux (PASS) modelprovides a simplified means of using remote sensing data from satellites and limited surface meteorological information to estimate the influence of soil moisture on bulk canopy stomatalresistances to the uptake of gases over extended areas.PASS-generated estimates of bulk canopy stomatal resistance were usedin a dry deposition module to compute gas deposition velocitieswith a horizontal resolution of 200 m for approximately 5000 km² of agricultural crops and rangeland. Results were compared with measurements of O₃ flux and concentrations made during April and May 1997 at two surface stations and from an aircraft. The trend in simulated O₃ deposition velocityduring soil moisture drydown over a period of a few days matchedthe trend observed at the two surface stations. For areas underthe aircraft flight paths, the variability in simulated O₃ deposition velocity was substantially smaller than the observedvariability, while the averages over tens of kilometers were usually in agreement within 0.1 cm s^-1. Model results indicated that soil moisture can have a major role in depositionof O₃ and other substances strongly affected by canopy stomatal resistance.     

The Importance of Mixing Height in Characterising Pollution Levels from Aerosol Optical Thickness Derived by Satellite

In the present study the horizontal distribution of columnar aerosol optical thicknessderived at high spatial resolution from Earth observation satellite data in the Lombardy area (Italy) was converted to the horizontal distribution of optically effective aerosols concentration at the ground level. This was achieved by incorporating information on atmosphere's mixing height, at which pollutants released at ground level are vertically dispersed by convection or mechanical turbulence. The resulted fields compared favourably to pollutant concentration measurements provided by the ground stations. These results show that it is possible to calculate mean concentration fields by using the spatial distribution of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) measured by satellite normalized by the atmospheric mixing height. The advantage of satellites in measuring AOT is that they can capture all actual emissions compared to the models, which are based on inventoried data.     

卫星遥感技术在本溪典型区域的应用

以本溪典型区域为研究区,以高分辨率卫星数据为主要信息源,利用不同波段的组合图像,借助eCognition软件,对地表地物光谱特征和空间特征进行分析,建立卫星遥感分析成果信息库。基于不同时相分类结果的变化检测,以及对研究区水体污染、矿区复垦、耕地变化、林地变化等的分析,定量分析了研究区生态环境的动态变化。此项研究工作为研究区的生态环境规划、建设和管理,特别是对土地利用的管理工作提供了有用的资料。     

虚拟振动试验与真实试验相关性分析

卫星虚拟振动试验是当今应用研究的前沿课题。以某中心承力筒为对象,由设计单位提供了承力筒的分析模型和承力筒试件,在相同的试验条件下分别独立地进行虚拟试验和真实试验,对比两者的试验数据,分析虚拟试验与真实试验结果的异同及其产生的原因,对建立的振动台分析模型和虚拟试验研究方法作出评价。