1950s中期以来东北地区盐碱地时空变化及成因分析

论文以1950s中期1:100000地形图和2000年Landsat/TM影像为数据源,基于地学知识重塑1950s中期盐碱地分布状况,通过人机交互解译方式获取2000年盐碱地分布状况,然后采用GIS空间分析方法对近50年盐碱地时空变化特征进行分析。结果表明：①东北盐碱地主要分布在松嫩平原(占90%以上)和呼伦贝尔草原,盐碱地由58.51×10⁴hm²增至219.31×10⁴hm²,吉林省盐碱地扩展最显著,盐碱地面积最大;②盐碱化程度从以轻度盐碱化为主发展为以中重度盐碱化为主;③气候变化、水利灌溉设施和道路网建设、过牧和滥垦、油田开采等多种因素导致东北盐碱地扩大,但在局部地区由于生态恢复和改良利用措施、过量抽取地下水导致水位大幅度下降,使得盐碱地也有缩减。     

盘锦市生态环境的卫星遥感监测研究

中巴地球资源一号卫星（CBERS-1）数据,为环境保护领域提供了重要的遥感信息源,在区域环境监测和生态环境保护中具有广阔的应用前景。将CBERS—1信息与地面监测站、数据传输与处理系统、地理信息系统（GIS）相结合,可以实现对区域环境准确、客观、动态、简捷、快速的监测。选择盘锦市的地面监测站与CBERS-1信息相结合,建立一套高效、准确、快捷的卫星动态遥感监测系统,为环境监控提供科学数据。     

Estimating Floodwater Depths from Flood Inundation Maps and Topography

Information on flood inundation extent is important for understanding societal exposure, water storage volumes, flood wave attenuation, future flood hazard, and other variables. A number of organizations now provide flood inundation maps based on satellite remote sensing. These data products can efficiently and accurately provide the areal extent of a flood event, but do not provide floodwater depth, an important attribute for first responders and damage assessment. Here we present a new methodology and a GIS‐based tool, the Floodwater Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET), for estimating floodwater depth based solely on an inundation map and a digital elevation model (DEM). We compare the FwDET results against water depth maps derived from hydraulic simulation of two flood events, a large‐scale event for which we use medium resolution input layer (10 m) and a small‐scale event for which we use a high‐resolution (LiDAR; 1 m) input. Further testing is performed for two inundation maps with a number of challenging features that include a narrow valley, a large reservoir, and an urban setting. The results show FwDET can accurately calculate floodwater depth for diverse flooding scenarios but also leads to considerable bias in locations where the inundation extent does not align well with the DEM. In these locations, manual adjustment or higher spatial resolution input is required.     

集成仿真技术在空间光学遥感器设计中的应用

研究空间光学遥感器集成仿真中将光学、机械、热、控制等学科综合考虑的技术,从系统层面考虑各学科对光学性能指标的影响。综述了目前国外比较先进的光学遥感器集成仿真分析方法,主要包括以JWST为代表的STOP学科软件数据交互法和以NGST为代表的DOCS状态空间法,详细阐述了这些方法的集成方法和建模思路。集成仿真技术的实施开展可以减小产品概念设计和方案阶段论证周期,为总体指标的制定提供可靠依据。集成仿真是空间光学遥感器多学科优化的前提,深度集成和子系统协同仿真是未来的发展趋势。     

Spatial variance and assessment of nitrogen dioxide pollution in major cities of Pakistan along N5-Highway

This paper discusses the findings of the first car MAX-DOAS (multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy) field campaign (300 km long) along the National Highway-05 (N5-Highway) of Pakistan conducted on 13 and 14 November, 2012. The main objective of the field campaign was to assess the spatial distribution of tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) columns and corresponding concentrations along the N5-Highway from Islamabad to Lahore. Source identification of NO₂ revealed that the concentrations were higher within major cities along the highway. The highest NO₂ vertical column densities (NO₂ VCDs) were found around two major cities of Rawalpindi and Lahore. This study also presents a comparison of NO₂ VCDs measured by the ozone monitoring instrument (OMI) and car MAX-DOAS observations. The comparison revealed similar spatial distribution of the NO₂ columns with both car MAX-DOAS and satellite observations, but the car MAX-DOAS observations show much more spatial details. Maximum NO₂ VCD retrieved from car MAX-DOAS observations was up to an order of magnitude larger than the OMI observations in urban areas.     

GIS支持下的盐池县土地沙漠化动态遥感监测与预估

以2个不同时期遥感图像为主要信息源,分别解译编制2期土地沙漠化类型图,在ARC／INFO地理信息系统支持下,建立空间数据库,获得了盐池县1985—1995年土地沙漠化动态图和动态转移数据矩阵,可以定位、定性、定量地显示出前后两期间动态演变格局。并用Markov链模型对未来演变趋势进行模拟和预测。说明盐池县属于正在发展的沙漠化地区,沙漠化程度进一步加剧,同时存在着“一边治理,一边破坏”的双重现象。     

基于RS与GIS的毕节地区滑坡灾害危险性评价

基于遥感和地理信息系统技术,用空间主成分分析法构建评价指标体系,并用层次分析法确定评价指标权重,以滑坡危害最重的贵州省毕节地区为研究区,选取地层岩性、降水量、土地利用、坡度等9个滑坡孕险因子作为评价指标,对该研究区进行了滑坡灾害危险性评价。通过与研究区的历史滑坡灾害记录结果进行比较发现,评价结果与实际状况较为吻合,说明该方法能较有效地用于对区域滑坡灾害危险性的评价。     

基于中巴地球资源1号卫星的太湖表层水体水质遥感

利用CBERS 1的CCD数据和准同步地面监测数据,结合水体组分的光谱特征,建立了太湖表层水体叶绿素a和总氮的遥感信息模型.将模型用于2000 09 16太湖表层水体,所得结果较客观地反映了叶绿素a和总氮的分布趋势,表明利用CBERS 1的CCD数据进行湖泊表层水体水质指标监测具有重要的现实意义和应用前景.由于地面监测站位有限,模型在浅水草型湖泊———东太湖的适用性受到一定限制,说明同步性好、覆盖广的地面监测对于水质遥感信息模型的准确性和适用性至关重要.     

Effects of exogenous acylated homoserine lactones on biofilms in biofilters for gaseous toluene treatment

● Biofilm formation was enhanced by exogenous AHLs. ● EPS production and microbial adhesive strength of biofilm were promoted. ● Exogenous AHLs improved the performance of biofilters treating toluene. Biofilters are typical biofilm reactors, and they usually have poor biofilm formation resulting in limited reactor performance. Exogenous acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs) can enhance biofilm formation in many bioreactors based on quorum sensing regulation. However, their effect on biofilm in biofilters utilized for volatile organic compound (VOC) removal is unknown and needs to be investigated. In this study, the effects of the exogenous AHLs on biofilters for gaseous toluene removal were investigated. Analysis of biofilms in biofilters showed that the addition of exogenous AHLs considerably enhanced biofilm growth; the average biofilm concentration increased by 18%. Furthermore, the average biofilm coverage proportions in biofilters with and without exogenous AHLs were 17 % and 13 %, respectively, demonstrating the positive effect of exogenous AHLs on biofilm coverage. In particular, exogenous AHLs promoted the production of extracellular polymeric substances and the microbial adhesive strength of the biofilm. In addition, the exogenous AHLs showed no significant effect on the gaseous toluene removal efficiency of the biofilter. These results show that exogenous AHLs can enhance biofilm formation and can guide the application of exogenous AHLs in VOC biofilters.     

大气污染物排放调查监测研究进展

系统总结了当前大气污染物排放调查监测的主要方法及其在全球、区域、局地等不同尺度的典型应用,分析了地面监测、模型模拟与遥感反演3种方法受排放源多样、成分复杂、时空变异显著等因素影响,在尺度效应、成分解析等方面存在的问题。从优化监测方法、改进监测模式、融合监测技术等角度,提出了构建现代化大气污染物排放调查监测网络、开展污染物在不同排放阶段的变化解析研究及在不同圈层间的迁移全过程研究等建议。