基于RS和GIS技术的贵州省植被生态环境监测分析

为阐明贵州省植被生态环境变化的整体状况,基于RS和GIS技术,应用美国国家航空航天局最新的全球植被指数变化研究数据（GIMMS）,通过计算月归一化植被指数（NDVI）变化率,并对研究区一元线性回归模拟,分析了贵州省1982年-2003年的地表植被覆盖。结果表明：22年来,研究区植被覆盖呈增加趋势,表明贵州省植被生态环境向好的方向发展;贵州省平均植被覆盖在春季和秋季呈上升趋势,夏季和冬季呈下降趋势,其中春季对植被覆盖总变化量的贡献最大;植被覆盖程度增减因区域不同而异,变化程度呈增加的区域主要位于贵,ki-I省的中部地区;变化程度呈减小的区域分布在贵州省的四周边缘。     

基于HRS和GIS的城市污染场地动态监测原理分析

选择有代表性的城市场地,运用网格法土壤采样,并通过实验室化学分析得出土壤的重金属等污染物质含量,运用地物光谱仪在实验室设定条件下测定土壤反射光谱,应用偏最小二乘法（PLS）建立高光谱遥感（HRS）影像定量反演模型,预测场地土壤中各种污染物的含量,并在遥感影像中直观表示。结果表明,HRS技术能提供大量、连续性的光谱信息;PLS模型为大尺度城市场地污染快速评价与监测提供了可能性;并通过结合G IS技术可实现城市污染场地的动态监测,为城市公共管理提供决策支持。     

基于多星遥感影像的太湖北部湖湾春季沉水植被分布动态监测

利用多星遥感影像动态监测了2015年春季太湖北部湖湾沉水植被分布的变化过程,并对水生植被遥感监测中的几个关键问题展开了探讨。决策树方法获取的水生植被分布结果表明,2015年4月28日太湖北部湖湾发现明显沉水植被分布面积约11.2 km~2,与2014年同期相比,新出现的较大面积沉水植被分布区域主要集中在田鸡山西和锡东水厂附近。提出应及时清理打捞,避免水生植被死亡腐烂,威胁水质安全。     

Temporal and spatial change detecting (1998–2003) and predicting of land use and land cover in Core corridor of Pearl River Delta (China) by using TM and ETM+ images

Land use/land cover (LULC) has a profound impact on economy, society and environment, especially in rapid developing areas. Rapid and prompt monitoring and predicting of LULC’s change are crucial and significant. Currently, integration of Geographical Information System (GIS) and Remote Sensing (RS) methods is one of the most important methods for detecting LULC’s change, which includes image processing (such as geometrical-rectifying, supervised-classification, etc.), change detection (post-classification), GIS-based spatial analysis, Markov chain and a Cellular Automata (CA) models, etc. The core corridor of Pearl River Delta was selected for studying LULC’s change in this paper by using the above methods for the reason that the area contributed 78.31% (1998)–81.4% (2003) of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) to the whole Pearl River Delta (PRD). The temporal and spatial LULC’s changes from 1998 to 2003 were detected by RS data. At the same time, urban expansion levels in the next 5 and 10 years were predicted temporally and spatially by using Markov chain and a simple Cellular Automata model respectively. Finally, urban expansion and farmland loss were discussed against the background of China’s urban expansion and cropland loss during 1990–2000. The result showed: (1) the rate of urban expansion was up to 8.91% during 1998–2003 from 169,078.32 to 184,146.48 ha; (2) the rate of farmland loss was 5.94% from 312,069.06 to 293,539.95 ha; (3) a lot of farmland converted to urban or development area, and more forest and grass field converted to farmland accordingly; (4) the spatial predicting result of urban expansion showed that urban area was enlarged ulteriorly compared with the previous results, and the directions of expansion is along the existing urban area and transportation lines.     

卫星影像和高程数据在农村环境质量试点监测中的应用

大量长期地使用农用塑料薄膜,导致邻苯二甲酸酯类的监测结果出现超标。邻苯二甲酸酯类的污染形势不容乐观。结合桂林市农村环境质量试点监测工作,参考全国生态环境监测与评价工作的技术方法,利用高分辨率卫星遥感影像对试点监测村进行了农膜覆盖面积的统计。针对桂林市的丘陵地貌特征,利用高程数据对统计结果进行修正,提高了农膜覆盖面积统计的准确度。同时还对试点监测村周边区域的农膜覆盖情况进行了粗略统计和分析,确定了将来的重点调查目标区域,为将来深入调查邻苯二甲酸酯类污染状况、制定防治方案提供了一定的参考。     

2015年世界田联赛期间北京地区气溶胶成分遥感分析

基于OPAC模型,利用太阳-天空辐射计观测,对2015年世界田联锦标赛期间（2015-08-02-2015-09-23）北京地区的气溶胶各成分：黑碳（BC）、可溶性成分（WASO）、不可溶性成分（INSO）、沙尘成分（DUST）进行定量反演研究。结果显示：赛会中的气溶胶光学厚度（0.37）明显小于赛会前（0.98）和赛会后（0.95）;赛会中BC、WASO、INSO、DUST质量浓度（6.3、14.8、60.9、66.0 μg/m³）明显比赛会前的质量浓度（10.9、49.1、86.5、290.1 μg/m³）和赛会后的质量浓度（9.6、148.8、112.8、143.8 μg/m³）低。利用气溶胶成分的离线分析技术验证了BC的反演结果,两者的相关性较好,r为0.93。气溶胶光学厚度及各成分质量浓度的变化说明赛会期间北京地区采取的保障措施对空气质量提升起到了较好的作用。     

基于环境一号卫星的气溶胶光学厚度反演技术研究

基于环境一号卫星(HJ-1)遥感观测数据,采用改进的暗目标算法和深蓝算法分别对暗像元、亮像元地表的气溶胶光学厚度(AOD)进行反演,并将其结果与MOD04产品对比。结果表明:二者反演的AOD空间变化特征较一致,相关系数达0.874,HJ-1星反演结果有更高的空间分辨率。当AOD值0.2时,HJ-1星反演结果可靠性较低;当AOD值在0.2~0.8之间时,HJ-1星CCD相机反演气溶胶的结果与MOD04产品最相近,二者相对误差10%;当AOD值在0.8~1.5之间时,HJ-1星反演结果相对MOD04产品显著偏高;当AOD值1.5时,HJ-1星反演结果相对MOD04产品偏低。     

Forest cover change and fragmentation using Landsat data in Maçka State Forest Enterprise in Turkey

In this study, Grey model (GM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were employed to predict suspended solids (SSeff) and chemical oxygen demand (CODeff) in the effluent from a wastewater treatment plant in industrial park of Taiwan. When constructing model or predicting, the influent quality or online monitoring parameters were adopted as the input variables. ANN was also adopted for comparison. The results indicated that the minimum MAPEs of 16.13 and 9.85% for SSeff and CODeff could be achieved using GMs when online monitoring parameters were taken as the input variables. Although a good fitness could be achieved using ANN, they required a large quantity of data. Contrarily, GM only required a small amount of data (at least four data) and the prediction results were even better than those of ANN. Therefore, GM could be applied successfully in predicting effluent when the information was not sufficient. The results also indicated that these simple online monitoring parameters could be applied on prediction of effluent quality well.     

安徽省“十二五”生态环境遥感监测

利用2011—2015年安徽省遥感影像土地利用类型解译数据,结合地面调查和统计资料,依据生态环境状况评价系统对安徽省"十二五"期间生态环境状况进行动态监测与评价。结果表明,"十二五"末安徽省各市生态环境状况等级为"优"的有4个市,为"良"的有12个市;"十二五"期间,各市等级均保持不变;"十二五"始末相比,有8个市生态环境状况变化度为"略有变好"等级,生态环境状况波动度为"波动"级别,其余8个市的变化度为"无明显变化"等级,波动度为"稳定"级别;省域EI增加了0.76,生态环境质量呈现稳中向好的趋势。     

环境遥感监测技术进展

分析了目前国内外遥感技术在环境监测中的应用进展,综述了遥感技术在大气环境监测、水污染监测、海洋监测、地表监测、固体废弃物监测中的应用情况及技术特点,指出了遥感技术应用于环境监测存在的关键问题和研究方向.