高速土工离心机温升的数值模拟

目的 数值计算高速土工离心机机室温度分布,研究不同真空度和侧壁温度对机室温升的影响,并为高速土工离心机提出温控方案。方法 针对一款在建的高速土工离心机,采用SRF方法和RNG k-ε湍流模型对其进行数值计算,对比不同转速下离心机的温升。针对加速度为1500g的运行工况,对比不同机室压力和侧壁温度对机室温升的影响。结果 高速土工离心机以1500g加速度运行时,机室最高温度可达83℃。运行压力从100 kPa降至3 k Pa,机室最高温度下降约15℃,侧壁温度每降低10℃,机室最高温度降低约5℃。另外,真空度配合侧壁冷却无法满足散热要求时,可考虑在机室顶部靠侧壁布置面积不小于顶部面积1/4的冷却环。结论 利用CFD数值计算方法,定量得到了高速土工离心机机室温度随转速、真空度和侧壁温度的变化,为其冷却方案的设计提供了参考。     

先进增强结构仿真分析与实验研究

目的 研究先进增强结构受载条件下的应力分布特点.方法 开展先进增强结构有限元仿真分析,模拟先进增强结构在单轴载荷作用下的应力应变特点,同时开展先进增强结构力学试验.试验以0.02 mm/s的速度匀速加载至20 kN,采用应变检测方法获取先进增强结构复合材料结构和金属基体结构的应力应变大小,对比分析有限元和试验结果.结果...     

基于山江海视角与SRP模型的桂西南-北部湾生态环境脆弱性评价

为揭示桂西南喀斯特-北部湾海岸带生态环境脆弱性,本研究基于山江海视角,采用生态敏感度-生态恢复力-生态压力度(SRP)模型、无纲量化模型、层次分析法,结合生态环境脆弱性指数,对该区域进行了生态环境脆弱性的评价,为该区域的生态环境治理和恢复提供科学的理论基础和技术指导.结果表明:(1)2000～2018年三期生态环境脆弱...     

基于人员心理-环境因素的火灾疏散速度修正方法研究

为探究人在火灾环境下的行为心理对疏散效率的影响,基于火灾下人员行为心理特征具有复杂、抽象、难以直接量化的特性,通过模糊逻辑方法,应用模糊集合、模糊规则和隶属度函数量化人的行为心理,研究其对疏散速度的影响;考虑火灾烟气和群体行为对疏散的影响,通过对高层建筑火灾状况下的烟气进行数值分析,并运用公式法得出人员的疏散速度折减值;以某高层商业建筑火灾疏散为例,将修正后人员的疏散速度和疏散路径引入疏散分析并与未修正的结果进行比较。结果表明:未修正的商业建筑疏散时间为470 s,修正后的疏散时间为670 s,修正后的疏散时间更长,人员危险性更大。     

淮河干流生态流量问题分析及保障措施

生态流量对维系河流生态功能具有重要意义。本文通过计算淮河干流重要控制断面生态流量满足状况的基础上,分析淮河干流生态流量存在的问题,从建立生态流量监测系统、完善生态流量泄放设施、制定生态流量调度方案、严格河道外用水管控、加强机制建设等方面提出淮河干流生态流量保障措施,为淮河流域制定生态流量保障对策提供建议。     

Toxicity of anti-fouling paints for use on ships and leisure boats to non-target organisms representing three trophic levels

Leachates of anti-fouling paints for use on ships and leisure boats are examined for their ecotoxicological potential. Paint leachates were produced in both 7‰ artificial (ASW) and natural seawater (NSW) and tested on three organisms, the bacterium Vibrio fischeri, the macroalga Ceramium tenuicorne, and the crustacean Nitocra spinipes. Generally, leaching in ASW produced a more toxic leachate and was up to 12 times more toxic to the organisms than was the corresponding NSW leachate. The toxicity could be explained by elevated concentrations of Cu and Zn in the ASW leachates. Of the NSW leachates, those from the ship paints were more toxic than those from leisure boat paints. The most toxic paint was the biocide-free leisure boat paint Micron Eco. This implies that substances other than added active agents (biocides) were responsible for the observed toxicity, which would not have been discovered without the use of biological tests.     

沿海城市土地集约利用水平演变研究——以大连市为例

根据城市土地集约利用涵义,综合考虑沿海城市化进程中城市土地集约利用的经济、社会与环境效益,选取了大连市1997—2007年8项指标,运用主成分分析法进行城市土地集约利用水平评价。在评价基础上结合大连城市发展特征,分析了城市土地集约利用水平演变趋势和阶段性。结果表明,大连城市土地集约利用水平逐年提高,且具有缓慢的连续性和骤增的阶段性特征。连续性提高是由于城市人口、经济聚集、经济容量增大、人口密度增加、城市设施局部优化完善使城市土地集约利用水平不断提高;阶段性提高是由于建成区土地面积扩张期伴随大幅度城市用地结构的优化调整和城市设施的整体完善过程,使城市土地集约利用水平显著提高。     

排烟冷却塔烟气抬升高度的计算分析

华北地区某电厂排烟冷却塔烟气抬升高度的光学照相法实测结果显示,选用S／P模式计算出排烟冷却塔烟气括升高度是合理的。在环境风速小、空气潮湿条件下,采用排烟冷却塔排放方式有利于污染物稀释扩散;在环境风速大、空气干燥、逆温等不利气象条件时,采用排烟冷却塔排放方式,烟气抬升高度较低。     

基于多中心与区域共生的长三角地区协调发展研究

多中心城市经济族群式发展是区域发展的重要模式,也是未来区域经济发展的中心与财富积累与增长中心.在全球化与区域一体化驱动下,以城市为核心的多中心经济板块间的联系与关联性越来越明显.长三角作为中国区域经济发展的重要区域,城市经济多中心化与模块化成为其重要表现载体,如何实现多中心的互动、关联与协调发展成为长三角未来综合竞争力提升的重要内容,也是推动长三角持续发展的重要因子.多中心共生作为多中心间新的关联形式,有利于探索区域协调发展的新思路与新模式.利用城市经济能级、城市经济关联、城市流强度与城市外向功能指数等对长三角16个城市进行定.比较分析了长三角城市经济运行态势,并在诊断性分析的基础上,提出了长三角城市经济发展的多中心协同共生、创新发展与集群式发展、新型城市化道路等对策.     

Growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant responses of two microalgal species, Chlorella vulgaris and Selenastrum capricornutum, to nonylphenol stress

The effect of nonylphenol (NP) on growth, photochemistry and biochemistry of two green microalgae, Chlorella vulgaris and Selenanstrum capricornutum, and their ability to degrade NP were compared. The 96 h EC₅₀ of C. vulgaris and S. capricornutum were greater than 4.0 and 1.0 mg L⁻¹ NP, respectively, suggesting that the former species was more tolerant to NP. Both microalgae acclimated to NP stress through down-regulating their photosynthetic activities, including antenna size (chlorophyll a content), maximal photochemistry (Fv/Fm) and the light absorbed by PSII (ABS/CS₀), but the dissipation of energy from reaction centres (DI₀/RC) increased with the increase of NP concentrations. In C. vulgaris, the changes of these parameters were more significant than in S. capricornutum and recovered completely after a 96 h exposure. The antioxidant responses, such as GSH content, CAT and POD activities in C. vulgaris increased with the increase of NP concentrations after a 24 h exposure, but these changes disappeared with exposure time and recovered to the control levels after 96 h. In S. capricornutum, although GSH content, CAT and POD activities also increased when exposed to low- to moderate-NP concentrations, these values were significantly reduced at a high concentration (4 mg L⁻¹) even after a 96 h exposure, indicating its antioxidant responses were significantly delayed. It is clear that the more NP-tolerant species, C. vulgaris, acclimated better with a faster recovery of its photosynthetic activity from the NP-induced damage, and exhibited more efficient and rapid responses to NP-induced oxidative stress. C. vulgaris also had a higher NP degradation ability than S. capricornutum.