Optimal Pollution Trading Without Pollution Reductions: A Note1

García, Jorge H., Matthew T. Heberling, and Hale W. Thurston, 2011. Optimal Pollution Trading Without Pollution Reductions: A Note. Journal of the American Water Resources Association (JAWRA) 47(1):52‐58. DOI: 10.1111/j.1752‐1688.2010.00476.x Abstract: Various kinds of water pollution occur in pulses (e.g., agricultural and urban runoff). Ecosystems, such as wetlands, can serve to regulate these pulses and smooth pollution distributions over time. This smoothing reduces total environmental damages when “instantaneous” damages are marginally increasing. This paper introduces a water quality trading model between a farm (a pulse‐pollution source) and a firm (a more steady pollution source) where the object of exchange is the “temporary” retention of runoff as opposed to total runoff reductions. The optimal trading ratio requires firm emissions to be offset by more than a proportional retention of the initial agricultural runoff pulse. The reason is twofold: (1) emissions are steady or constant over time and, in this sense, have relatively larger environmental impact; and (2) certain kinds of runoff management cause delayed environmental damages.     

模拟退火算法在大气环境质量综合评价中的应用

为了建立一种对多项指标都能普遍使用的大气环境质量综合评价模式,利用模拟退火算法对幂函数加和型指数评价中参数进行优化,并用优化后的综合评价指数公式对大气环境进行综合评价。该公式应用于大量实例的分析评价结果与其他多种评价方法评价结果比较表明:该公式不受污染物种类和数目多少的限制,计算简便,具有可行性、实用性和通用性。     

基层环境监测站环境质量综合分析中存在的问题及对策

从环境监测为环境管理服务的职能入手,系统分析了基层环境监测站的环境质量综合分析工作现状,针对实际工作中存在的问题,提出了提高环境质量综合分析水平的对策建议。     

本溪市区环境空气质量现状及变化趋势

对本溪市的环境空气质量进行了监测分析，结果表明：本溪市环境空气中TSP超过国家环境空气质量二级标准，SO2、NOx、CO、降尘均符合二级标准。其中TSP、SO2、CO、降尘呈下降趋势，NOx变化不明显。     

环渤海芦苇湿地磷的吸附容量及释放风险评估

滨海湿地地处陆海交汇的关键带,是磷的"汇"、"源"和"转化器",在全球磷循环过程中扮演着十分重要的角色,其对水体磷素的截留能力日益受到关注.本文以环渤海地区芦苇湿地沉积物为研究对象,利用批处理实验研究了湿地磷的吸附容量和释放风险.结果表明,湿地沉积物磷的最大吸附容量(Q_max)为693. 7～2 117. 2 mg·kg^-1,平均值为1 468. 6 mg·kg^-1,Q_max的大小顺序为七里海湿地>北大港湿地>南大港湿地>辽河三角洲湿地>寿光滨海湿地>黄河三角洲湿地.环渤海湿地沉积物磷吸附主要受Ca、Mg和TOC含量的影响.环渤海湿地磷吸附饱和度(DPS)和释放风险指数(ERI)分别为0. 28%～4. 50%和0. 53%～10. 10%,结果表明除寿光滨海湿地磷释放风险为中度风险外,其它湿地磷释放风险较低.总之,环渤海地区芦苇湿地沉积物具有较强磷吸附能力,沉积物为水体磷的"汇",沉积物释磷风险较低.建议在环渤海污染治理过程中充分发挥滨海湿地对磷的净化拦截作用,以降低...     

基于水质与浮游生物调查的汉石桥湿地富营养化评价

基于水质与浮游生物的综合调查与评价,可准确判断湿地的富营养化状况.本文以汉石桥湿地为研究对象,设置7个采样点,开展了水质、浮游植物、浮游动物分类监测与调查,并利用营养状态指数法、浮游植物评价法和浮游动物评价法3种方法,评价了水体富营养化状态,比较了各种方法的结果差异.结果表明,3种评价方法的评价结果在时空变化上具有较高的一致性,均显示非核心区富营养化程度较低,核心区富营养化水平较高;各月份相比,10月湿地的富营养化程度较低,6—8月富营养化程度较高.浮游植物和浮游动物评价法所得湿地富营养化程度较营养状态指数法略高,主要表现在4、10月的非核心区评价中.综合水质、浮游植物与浮游动物进行富营养化评价,可得到更为准确的评价结果.     

应用浮游植物群落结构指数评价海域富营养化

探讨了浮游植物对海水富营养化程度的指示作用,并用浮游植物群落结构指数对天津近岸海域的富营养化水平进行了现状评价,结果表明,天津近岸海域水质基本属中营养水平,但某些站位在有些季节呈严重的富营养水平,并呈现枯水期和丰水期高,平水期低的特征,与化学指标的评价结果相比,结果基本一致,说明该方法是可行的,特别是当浮游植物大量繁殖,消耗了大量的营养盐,生物学指标更能正确合理地进行水质评价     

烧结厂含氟烟气洗涤水处理

本文通过对烧结厂含氟烟气洗涤水进行凝聚沉淀及水质稳定试验，论述了含氟烟气洗涤水循环使用中经济合理的药剂配方及其使用条件。     

Conservation Value of Remnant Riparian Forest Corridors of Varying Quality for Amazonian Birds and Mammals

Abstract:  Forest corridors are often considered the main instrument with which to offset the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation. Brazilian forestry legislation requires that all riparian zones on private landholdings be maintained as permanent reserves and sets fixed minimum widths of riparian forest buffers to be retained alongside rivers and perennial streams. We investigated the effects of corridor width and degradation status of 37 riparian forest sites (including 24 corridors connected to large source-forest patches, 8 unconnected forest corridors, and 5 control riparian zones embedded within continuous forest patches) on bird and mammal species richness in a hyper-fragmented forest landscape surrounding Alta Floresta, Mato Grosso, Brazil. We used point-count and track-sampling methodology, coupled with an intensive forest-quality assessment that combined satellite imagery and ground truthed data. Vertebrate use of corridors was highly species-specific, but broad trends emerged depending on species life histories and their sensitivity to disturbance. Narrow and/or highly disturbed riparian corridors retained only a depauperate vertebrate assemblage that was typical of deforested habitats, whereas wide, well-preserved corridors retained a nearly complete species assemblage. Restriction of livestock movement along riparian buffers and their exclusion from key areas alongside deforested streams would permit corridor regeneration and facilitate restoration of connectivity .