考虑注浆结石体影响的隧道管片上浮理论解析

为掌握隧道管片在浆液结石体包裹下的上浮变形规律,通过研究圆管抗弯刚度,将浆液结石体与隧道管片形成的圆管组合梁转变为3层叠加组合梁;基于Girhammar 2层叠加组合梁理论与微单元力学分析,推导出考虑层间滑移效应3层组合梁等效抗弯刚度公式,进而采用温克勒弹性地基条件建立隧道管片上浮力学模型;结合工程实例,对比力学模型理论解析、实测数据和数值计算结果,并进行参数灵敏性分析。研究结果表明：力学模型理论解析、实测数据和数值计算结果吻合度较高,表明力学模型有效;浆液结石体留存厚度的增加可以有效降低隧道结构承受的弯矩,提高隧道结构安全性能;随着隧道两端约束的传递衰减,隧道上浮跨度超过140 m后,隧道变形最大值基本达到稳定。研究结果可用于预测隧道管片的上浮变形,并为隧道变形控制提供依据,促进隧道病害的安全治理。     

均匀火灾温场下隧道管片受力分析

对于以盾构方式修建的地铁,其隧道管片是主要的受力构件。在以热辐射为主的火灾中,会形成比较均匀的温度场。由于管片受热均匀,整周管片内部将产生均匀的热力荷载,加之地应力荷载使其应力分布更为复杂。使用FLAC3D模拟在以热辐射为主的火灾中,管片应力分布和变化特征。根据温度不同材料性质不同的客观事实,在模拟过程中随温度升高实时调整材料参数,使模拟结果更加准确。分析结果表明:最大水平压力上升比较快,1000℃时其比最大竖向压力大30%。最大值的位置分别对称于经过隧道轴线的水平和竖直面。总位移在400℃后明显增加,最大位移一般在隧道左右两侧。     

卫星云图样本集的FCM优化调整与云类判别

基于云类样本的红外-可见光二维灰度空间投影,采用模糊聚类方法调整优化云类样本特征区域,消除采样误差。针对常规模糊C均值聚类(FCM)方法在处理上述问题时表现出的局限性,提出用样本特征均值替代FCM中随机初始中心的改进办法,既避免了常规FCM方法对初始中心敏感的缺陷,又可纠正其聚类结果对云类样本特征结构的歪曲。改进后的聚类结果既消除了采样误差,又保持了云类样本的基本特征属性,基于该判据的分类结果可较为准确地分辨出陆地、水体、低云、中云、卷云和积雨云,分割判别效果符合客观实际。     

淮河蚌埠段采样点鱼虾贝类重金属的富集

应用WFX-110型原子吸收分光光度法测定淮河蚌埠段污染较重采样点鱼虾贝类不同组织中重金属(Cu,Mn,Zn,Fe,Ni,Cd和Pb)的含量.结果表明:在同一组织中w(Fe),w(Zn),w(Cu),w(Mn)和w(Ni)高于w(Cd)和w(Pb),变化趋势为日本沼虾>河蚌>鱼;鱼虾贝类不同组织重金属含量变化趋势为w(Fe)>w(Mn)>w(Zn)>w(Ni)>w(Cu)>w(Pb)>w(Cd).w(Cu),w(Mn),w(Zn)和w(Fe)在肠、鳃、肝胰脏等组织中较高,在精巢、肌肉等组织中较低;w(Ni),w(Cd)和w(Pb)在肝胰脏、鳃等组织中较高,在肌肉、脑等组织中较低.其中,日本沼虾和河蚌对重金属元素的富集能力明显强于淡水鱼类;而肝胰脏和鳃是鱼虾贝类体内重金属富集的主要部位;其食用部分w(Cd)和w(Pb)均超过无公害食品水产品中有害物质限量(NY 5073—2006)和人体卫生消费标准,因此不宜食用,表明淮河蚌埠段采样点附近生物受重金属影响明显.      

Elemental Conservation Units: Communicating Extinction Risk without Dictating Targets for Protection

Abstract:  Conservation biologists mostly agree on the need to identify and protect biodiversity below the species level but have not yet resolved the best approach. We addressed 2 issues relevant to this debate. First, we distinguished between the abstract goal of preserving the maximum amount of unique biodiversity and the pragmatic goal of minimizing the loss of ecological goods and services given that further loss of biodiversity seems inevitable. Second, we distinguished between the scientific task of assessing extinction risk and the normative task of choosing targets for protection. We propose that scientific advice on extinction risk be given at the smallest meaningful scale: the elemental conservation unit (ECU). An ECU is a demographically isolated population whose probability of extinction over the time scale of interest (say 100 years) is not substantially affected by natural immigration from other populations. Within this time frame, the loss of an ECU would be irreversible without human intervention. Society's decision to protect an ECU ought to reflect human values that have social, economic, and political dimensions. Scientists can best inform this decision by providing advice about the probability that an ECU will be lost and the ecological and evolutionary consequences of that loss in a form that can be integrated into landscape planning. The ECU approach provides maximum flexibility to decision makers and ensures that the scientific task of assessing extinction risk informs, but remains distinct from, the normative social challenge of setting conservation targets.     

基坑开挖引起邻侧盾构隧道开裂特性研究*

为探究基坑开挖导致邻侧既有盾构隧道出现开裂破损而带来的不利影响,采用地层-结构法与荷载-结构法相结合的计算方法,同时考虑内置钢筋对混凝土的加强作用,精细化地模拟基坑开挖影响下,非连续盾构管片结构接头处裂缝的扩展过程,揭示其开裂机制。研究结果表明:基坑开挖过程中,管片衬砌“横鸭蛋”变形模式决定了其开裂范围,即左、右拱腰附近为主开裂区;管片的裂损特征为纵向裂缝,初始裂缝由左、右拱腰外弧面逐渐向两侧接头处延展,右拱腰接头处裂缝扩展连接为沿厚度方向的环状裂缝。