餐厨垃圾市政污泥联合厌氧消化处理技术

餐厨垃圾有机质浓度高,在厌氧消化处理过程中容易致系统酸化而导致消化系统中止。采用餐厨垃圾与市政污泥联合厌氧消化技术解决餐厨垃圾消化条件难控制的问题。结果表明,系统稳定运行时,在进料总固体（TS）浓度为10%左右,水力停留时间(HRT)为20 d,碱度控制在6 000~8 000 mg/L时,餐厨垃圾与市政污泥联合厌氧消化能稳定运行,且有机负荷达到5.29 g/(L•d),沼气产量达1.03 L/g〔以挥发性固体（VS）计〕,沼气中的甲烷浓度在59%以上。     

石家庄某制药企业污水处理过程中NH3排放研究

为了解污水处理过程中各处理单元NH₃的排放特征,采集石家庄某制药企业各污水处理单元以及经过废气治理后排放的样品,计算各采样点NH₃浓度及排放量。结果表明:各污水处理单元中,水解酸化池NH₃浓度和单位体积污水NH₃排放量均为最高,分别为62.89和3 360 mg∕m ³。各污水处理单元NH₃总排放量为0.97 kg∕h,单位体积污水NH₃排放量为9 312 mg∕m ³;经废气治理后,排入环境的NH₃为0.25 kg∕h,单位体积污水NH₃排放量为2 400 mg∕m ³,去除率为74.2%,经治理后NH₃排放量明显降低。南区、北区废气治理采用碱洗+氧化+水洗工艺,NH₃去除率分别为93.3%和83.1%;生物区废气治理采用生物滴滤床工艺,NH₃去除率为39.1%,碱洗+氧化+水洗工艺对NH₃的去除效果好于生物滴滤床工艺。     

城市污水回用于农业的技术经济分析——以以色列农业灌溉为例

城市污水回用于农业是污水资源化的有效途径。论述了污水灌溉对农业和环境的影响 ,并以以色列为例对污水回用于农业进行了经济效益分析 ,同时介绍了决定用水组成、回用水质以及农作物的组成等的优化模型     

天津污灌区土壤中多环芳烃的提取、净化和测定

研究了天津污灌区严重污染土壤中 1 6种多环芳烃的提取和测定方法 .考察了加速溶剂提取的提取条件、样品净化方法和GC MS测定条件 .结果表明 ,在 1 4 0℃用1∶1二氯甲烷和丙酮提取 5min ,硅胶柱净化后用GC MS测定可以得到很好的效果 .方法回收率在 5 7%— 1 4 0 %之间 ,检测限为 3 5× 1 0 - 4— 1 1× 1 0 - 3 mg·l- 1,且重现性较好 .天津代表性污灌水稻土中 1 6种PAHs的实测浓度为 0 0 7— 1 2 7mg·kg- 1.     

天津污灌区苯并（a）芘、荧蒽和菲生态毒性的风险表征

运用概率风险评价方法表征和比较了天津污灌区3种多环芳烃对生物影响的风险性。根据各物质的环境暴露浓度和相应急性毒性值的累计概率分布曲线估计了各物质相对风险性的大小。采用联合概率曲线方式比较了不同暴露概率水平条件下3种多环芳烃的相对风险。结果表明，该地区目前菲的总体风险性高于另两种化合物，苯并（a)芘的总体风险性最低。而低暴露风险条件下（受威胁生物不超过20％），苯并（a)芘的风险较大，菲次之，荧蒽风险相对较低。     

用于农村厕所黑水处理的铱钽涂层电极的优化制备及其对析氯性能的影响

农村厕所黑水通常采用生物法进行处理,存在处理效果不稳定、运行管理复杂等问题。通过对传统钛铱电极进行优化制备,成功构筑了铱钽涂层系列电极 (Tx) 和铱钽锡锑钴涂层系列电极 (Cx) 。利用电化学原位产氯,实现了有机物的氧化降解并同步去除氨氮。优化电极复合氧化物涂层的配方,发现喷涂T3电极 (IrTa氧化物涂层0.6 mg·cm⁻²,Ti氧化物涂层0.75 mg·cm⁻²) 在2.4 V的工作电压下表现了最高效的净水效能,60 min内去除了厕所黑臭水生化处理出水50%的COD。系统研究了表面清洁工艺和烧结工艺对电极析氯效能的影响,发现喷砂结合酸洗的表面清洁过程、滚涂的涂层固定过程、500 °C的烧结过程构筑的T3电极具有最高的析氯效能和强化寿命。本研究为分散式污水排放存在的富营养化问题提供了可行的解决思路。     

利用微拟球藻去除污水中氮磷及生产富油生物质

为探讨污水深度处理和同步获取产油微藻的可行性,建立光生物反应器,应用微拟球藻去除污水和中水中的氮磷,并分析不同浓度的Fe3+和Zn2+离子对微藻的生长和油脂积累的影响,从而在净化污水的同时培养微藻获得富油生物质。结果表明,该藻对污水氮磷具有较强的去除能力,可在13 d内,去除水体中96%的氨氮和94%的磷,同时化学需要氧量(COD)的去除率可达72.9%。在生活污水中培养至第16天,微藻的细胞密度可达4.55×106 cell/mL。Fe3+浓度对微拟球藻的生长具有显著影响(P6 cell/mL。该研究以中水和生活污水为基质培养微拟球藻,同时获取微藻油脂,为污水中氮磷的去除和能源的同步获取提供了新途径。     

河南太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区功能区调整与生态影响

针对拟建济晋高速公路工程对太行山猕猴国家级自然保护区的负面生态影响,提出了保护区功能区调整方案,进而分析了功能区调整对保护区的正面生态影响,并就生态保护与补偿措施问题提出了建议与对策。     

Detection of Class I and II integrons for the assessment of antibiotic and multidrug resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from agricultural irrigation waters in Bulacan,Philippines

Contaminated irrigation water may greatly affect not only the quality of produce but also the people exposed to it. In this study, agricultural irrigation waters in Bulacan, Philippines were assessed and found to be contaminated with Escherichia coli (E. coli) ranging from 0.58 to 4.51 log₁₀ CFU/mL. A total of 79 isolates of E. coli were confirmed through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplifying the uidA gene and were tested for phenotypic resistance using 10 antimicrobials through the Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. Forty-six isolates (58.22%) were noted to be multidrug resistant (MDR) with high resistance rate to cephalothin, tetracycline, streptomycin, ampicillin, trimethoprim, nalidixic acid, and chloramphenicol. Moreover, this study also examined the prevalence of Class I and II integrons accounting to 67.39% and 17.39%, respectively, of the MDR E. coli strains using multiplex PCR. The results imply that the agricultural water used in Bulacan is contaminated with the fecal material of man or other animals present in the area, and the presence of MDR bacteria, which pose a potential threat to individuals in these areas, is alarming. In addition, detection of integrons could be a good marker for the identification of MDR isolates. Lastly, this study could develop strategies for the proper management of farming sites leading to the detection of food-borne pathogens and prevention of infectious diseases.     

Emerging technology for increasing glucosinolates in arugula and mustard greens

Two plant species, arugula (Eruca sativa) and mustard (Brassica juncea) were field-grown under four soil management practices: soil mixed with municipal sewage sludge (SS), soil mixed with horse manure (HM), soil mixed with chicken manure (CM), and no-mulch bare soil (NM) to investigate the impact of soil amendments on the concentration of glucosinolates (GSLs) in their shoots. GSLs, hydrophilic plant secondary metabolites in arugula and mustard were extracted using boiling methanol and separated by adsorption on sephadex ion exchange disposable pipette tips filled with DEAE, a weak base, with a net positive charge that exchange anions such as GSLs. Quantification of GSLs was based on inactivation of arugula and mustard myrosinase and liberation of the glucose moiety from the GSLs molecule by addition of standardized myrosinase (thioglucosidase) and spectrophotometric quantification of the liberated glucose moiety. Overall, GSLs concentrations were significantly greater (1287 µg g^?1 fresh shoots) in plants grown in SS compared to 929, 890, and 981 µg g^?1 fresh shoots in plants grown in CM, HM, and NM soil, respectively. Results also revealed that mustard shoots contained greater concentrations of GSLs (974 µg g^?1 fresh shoots) compared to arugula (651 µg g^?1 fresh shoots).