Green and efficient degradation of cefoperazone sodium by Bi4O5Br2 leading to the production of non-toxic products: Performance and degradation pathway

Photocatalytic process represents a promising approach to overcome the pollution challenge associated with the antibiotics-containing wastewater. This study provides a green, efficient and novel approach to remove cephalosporins, particularly cefoperazone sodium (CFP). Bi₄O₅Br₂ was chosen for the first time to systematically study its degradation for CFP, including the analysis of material structure, degradation performance, the structure and toxicity of the transformation products, etc. The degradation rate results indicated that Bi₄O₅Br₂ had an excellent catalytic activity leading to 78% CFP removal compared with the pure BiOBr (38%) within 120 min of visible light irradiation. In addition, the Bi₄O₅Br₂ presents high stability and good organic carbon removal efficiency. The effects of the solution pH (3.12 - 8.75) on catalytic activity revealed that CFP was mainly photocatalyzed under acidic conditions and hydrolyzed under alkaline conditions. Combined with active species and degradation product identification, the photocatalytic degradation pathways of CFP by Bi₄O₅Br₂ was proposed, including hydrolysis, oxidation, reduction and decarboxylation. Most importantly, the identified products were all hydrolysis rather than oxidation byproducts transformed from the intermediate of β-lactam bond cleavage in CFP molecule, quite different from the mostly previous studies. Furthermore, the final products were demonstrated to be less toxic through the toxicity analysis. Overall, this study illustrates the detailed mechanism of CFP degradation by Bi₄O₅Br₂ and confirms Bi₄O₅Br₂ to be a promising material for the photodegradation of CFP.     

SDBS及腐殖酸对涕灭威及其氧化产物水解的影响

 研究了腐殖酸(胡敏酸,HA和富里酸,FA)和表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)对氨基甲酸酯农药涕灭威及其氧化产物涕灭威亚砜和涕灭威砜的水解作用的影响.结果表明,SDBS可以促进涕灭威及其氧化产物的水解,随着SDBS的浓度由0增加为1200mg/L,涕灭威,涕灭威亚砜和涕灭威砜的水解速率常数K值分别增加了约8倍,7倍和6倍.腐殖酸可抑制涕灭威及其氧化产物的水解.在pH值为12的水溶液中,当FA的浓度由0增大到1000mg/L时,涕灭威,涕灭威亚砜和涕灭威砜的水解速率常数K值分别下降了83%,50%,68%;随着HA的浓度由0增大到1000mg/L时,涕灭威,涕灭威亚砜和涕灭威砜的水解速率常数K值分别下降了45%,56%,22%.研究结果对受农药污染土壤的修复有一定的指导意义.     

位阻胺混合甘氨酸盐溶液吸收CO2的研究

在双搅拌反应釜中研究了位阻胺2-氨基-2-甲基-1-丙醇(AMP)与甘氨酸钠(SG)混合溶液吸收CO2的性能.实验温度293~313K,混合溶液的浓度为AMP(1.5kmol/m3)+SG (0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8kmol/m3),SG浓度每增加0.2kmol/m3,200min内的平均吸收速率分别提高11.47%,10.07%,9.18%和5.33%.与AMP单一溶液相比,混合溶液在200 min时的吸收容量增加了11.5%~41.1%.在293~313K,吸收速率随温度上升而提高.使用加热的方法进行再生实验,得到1.5 kmol/m3 AMP + 0.6 kmol/m3 SG混合液的最适再生温度为378K.AMP + SG混合溶液的再生效率高于单一SG溶液及AMP + MEA/DEA混合溶液.     

亚铁活化及铁碳强化过硫酸钠氧化法修复模拟机油污染土壤

分别采用传统的Fe²⁺活化过硫酸钠（Na₂S₂O₈）氧化和铁碳强化Na₂S₂O₈氧化两种方法修复模拟机油污染土壤。实验结果表明：对于传统Fe²⁺-Na₂S₂O₈体系,在Na₂S₂O₈投加量为3.0%（w）、FeSO₄·7H₂O投加量为0.6%（w）的优化条件下,土壤中总石油烃（TPH）的去除率仅为33.12%;而对于Fe⁰-C-Na₂S₂O₈体系,在Na₂S₂O₈投加量为1.0%（w）、还原铁粉和活性炭的投加量均为0.1%（w）的优化条件下,土壤中TPH的去除率为42.99%;Fe⁰-C-Na₂S₂O₈体系较Fe²⁺-Na₂S₂O₈体系对土壤具有更好的修复效果,且Na₂S₂O₈的投加量减少了2/3。此外,Fe⁰-C-Na₂S₂O₈体系较Fe²⁺-Na₂S₂O₈体系对土壤pH的影响小,在实际应用中可适当提高铁粉的投加量来减小Na₂S₂O₈对土壤pH的影响。     

Studies on catalytic reduction of nitrate in groundwater

Catalytic reduction of nitrate in groundwater by sodium formate over the catalyst was investigated. Pd-Cu/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst was prepared by impregnation and characterized by brunauer-emmett-teller (BET), inductive coupled plasma (ICP), X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX). It was found that total nitrogen was effectively removed from the nitrate solution (100 mg/L) and the removal efficiency was 87%. The catalytic activity was affected by pH, catalyst amount used, concentration of sodium formate, and initial concentration of nitrate. As sodium formate was used as reductant, precise control in the initial pH was needed. Excessively high or low initial pH (7.0 or 3.0) reduced catalytic activity. At initial pH of 4.5, catalytic activity was enhanced by reducing the amount of catalyst, while concentrations of sodium formate increased with a considerable decrease in N₂ selectivity. In which case, catalytic reduction followed the first order kinetics. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2006, 26(4): 567–571 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

污水灌区土壤盐分动态研究

以天津东郊污灌区(慢速渗滤系统)为试验点,总结了土壤盐分的变化规律,并以粮地、菜地、稻地为代表分析了土壤中盐分变化动态,用污灌区土壤盐分动态平衡公式C_K-C_h=C_B-C_O测算,结果表明,只要灌区排水条件好,加上合理的科学灌溉,污灌区土壤盐分变化趋势是脱盐占主导地位,土壤中的钠吸附比(SAR)有所改善,土壤质量有所提高.     

SAS/IPPA/AA三元共聚物对碳酸钙阻垢性能的研究

以水为溶剂,过硫酸铵为引发剂,丙烯磺酸钠、异丙烯膦酸和丙烯酸为单体,合成了三元共聚物丙烯磺酸钠/异丙烯膦酸/丙烯酸(SAS/ IPPA/AA),研究了共聚物在不同水质条件下对CaCO3的阻垢性能,探讨了共聚物浓度、pH值、钙离子浓度、碳酸根离子浓度和温度等条件对CaCO3的阻垢性能的影响,结果显示,在共聚物用量为18mg·l-1时,可使阻垢率达到100%.     

二氧化硫衍生物引起大鼠血管舒张的细胞信号转导途径

探讨二氧化硫(SO2)及其衍生物(Na2SO3/NaHSO3)引起大鼠血管舒张作用与细胞信号转导的关系.采用放射免疫分析技术测定不同浓度SO2衍生物染毒组和正常组大鼠胸主动脉血管环中环磷酸腺苷(cAMP)、环磷酸鸟苷(cGMP)及前列环素(PGI2)和血栓素(TXA2)的代谢产物6酮前列腺素F1α(6KetoPGF1α)和血栓素B2(TXB2)的浓度,以及腺苷酸环化酶(AC)活性.结果表明:①在离体大鼠胸主动脉血管中,cAMP和6KetoPGF1α的含量随二氧化硫衍生物浓度的增高而显著升高,且呈一定的剂量效应关系;②AC活性也随SO2衍生物浓度的增高而增高;③而cGMP的含量在SO2衍生物各浓度组均略微降低,但只有4mmol/L组降低显著;cAMP/cGMP比值在各浓度组与正常对照组(CK)相比均有显著性升高;④TXB2的含量在各浓度组均无明显变化;但6Keto/TXB2比值显著升高.试验得出,SO2衍生物作用于血管组织产生PGI2,后者通过激活AC使胞内cAMP增高,即通过PGI2—AC—cAMP信号转导途径引起血管舒张,血压下降.表2参13     

氟乙酸钠的衍生化GC—NPD测定方法

氟乙酸钠的分析鉴定，有助于中毒病人的论断与救治，本文建立了一种氟乙酸钠的衍生化、ＧＣ－ＮＰＤ测定方法，用正交设计法选择了衍生化条件和色谱测定条件，考查了中毒治疗药物和一些有机酸的干扰情况。将该方法用于血、尿样品外加氟乙酸钠的测定，考查了血、尿样品中氟乙酸钠测定的线性范围、最低检测限、精密度。     

丁二酸钠对氯化钙和水玻璃溶液的渗透性影响

采用正向渗透试验方法测定了氯化钙和水玻璃溶液添加丁二酸钠后溶液在粉尘介质中的渗透规律。该研究结果可有效利用氯化钙和水玻璃进行固土抑尘。