OGO工艺处理城市污水的脱氮除磷效能与水力特性的试验研究

在OCO反应器的基础上改进得到了OGO反应器.在反应器改进前后脱氮除磷效能对比试验的基础上,进行了反应器水力特性的试验研究.城市污水对比试验研究结果表明,OGO工艺较改进前具有更为稳定、良好的生物同时脱氮除磷效果,工艺出水的平均值COD为22mg·L-1、NH4 -N为4.8mg·L-1、TN为11.2 mg·L-1、TP为0.80mg·L-1.反应器流态特征的试验结果表明,改进后形成的OGO反应器内,缺氧环区形成了良好的DO浓度梯度分布,且OGO反应器内推流流态所占比例从改进前的5.9%提高到改进后的12.9%,有效提高了反应器内推流流态的容积利用率和反应器效率.同时,反应器改进后能明显改善混合区水力条件,并有效避免了混合区内侧液流涡旋停滞造成的污泥沉积问题.     

自然保护区学研究与景观生态学基本理论

本文尝试把景观生态学思想融于自然保护区理论中，较系统地论述了以景观结构与功能原理、景观异质性理论、景观格局理论、等级—尺度理论、干扰学说、生物多样性原理以及景观稳定性理论等景观生态学的基本理论为基础的自然保护区学的研究     

江苏沿江经济区多元多熟种植方式及效益评价

在江苏沿江经济区设置了２３种多元多熟种植方式进行定位对比试验，从增粮、增收和省工３个方面进行了综合评价。结果表明，稻田以“春玉米－水稻”为基础，旱地以春玉米为中心的粮饲经菜４元结构的省工型种植方式是本区集约高效持续种植制度的发展方向。     

挠力河流域农垦开发中居民地景观生态特征的变化

运用GIS、景观格局分析与聚落分析方法定量分析了挠力河流域在快速农垦开发中居民地分布格局的时空变化，探讨了景观格局形成的机制。景观指数分析表明近50a来居民地面积和数目激增，居民地斑块面积、聚集度增大，表明人类对挠力河流域景观扰动持续增强。在所有背景地类中，居民地与耕地的邻接比例最高。伴随居民地和耕地迅速扩张，两者邻接比例呈上升趋势，两者相互影响越来越大。不同时期居民地扩张强度高值区分布有所不同，主要分布在早期的耕地新增区，1954-2000年挠力河流域居民地扩张高值区最终主要分布于该流域的西部与中部。虽然居民地数目和面积均激增，各居民地之间的距离亦呈缩短趋势，但居民地最近邻点指数表明，近50a来挠力河流域居民地分布类型一直为随机分布，农垦经济仍占主导地位，人为规划比城镇发达地区薄弱。     

A study on the Spatial Distribution of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Balance, and Regional Nitrogen Flow Through Crop Production

The spatial distribution patterns of the nitrogen and phosphorus input/intake amounts in crop production within two small basins are examined, based upon a cropping unit distribution map that is obtained from remote sensing data analysis. Firstly, we examine the availability and suitability of approaches to the spatial distribution analysis of cultivation patterns classified from material flow characteristics of crop production using seasonal remote-sensing data. Secondly, material flow units in crop production are grouped according to the cultivation patterns obtained from the remote-sensing data analysis. Consequently, the spatial patterns of the amounts of both nitrogen and phosphorus inputs/intakes through crop production on farmland are examined and their spatial distribution maps are prepared according to the material flow units. In addition, we developed a nitrogen flow and runoff model and the model is simulated based on the examination of the results of spatial distribution patterns of the material flow units. The annual nitrogen runoff from small catchments, where various crops are cultivated, varies from 2.7 kg ha^–1 year^–1 to 108 kg ha^–1 year^–1 and the annual balanced losses of nitrogen in small catchments varied from –30 kg ha^–1 year^–1 to 101 kg ha^–1 year^–1. Also, the monthly changes in soil nitrogen of each material flow unit is estimated at –55 kg ha^–1 as a maximum decrease and 114 kg ha^–1 as a maximum increase. These results indicate that the spatial distribution patterns of nutrient input and intake through agricultural activities should be considered when analyzing the material flows and nutritient movement in soil–water systems in rural areas for watershed environmental control and regional agricultural management.     

扬州生态市建设中景观生态规划的应用

在扬州根据景观生态规划的原则，通过对自然、经济和社会条件的分析，形成市域范围内的生态敏感地区分布图，并提出相应的发展对策；在沿江地带，根据自然演变和经济发展，提出扬州沿江地带保护自然发展动力轴线、强化经济轴线的总体布局；根据城市发展目标和廊道建设情况，提出在中心城区沿润扬大桥北接线建设1km的环城绿色廊道，建设城市东西方向的3条绿色廊道和南北方向的两个楔形开放空间，同时沿主要的水网建设沿岸防护廊道，形成作为城市冷桥的绿色网络结构，把城市和郊区联系在一起，加强空气的流通并减轻、预防热岛效应和其他城市弊端。     

Does interaction between bumblebees (Bombus ignitus) reduce their foraging area?: bee-removal experiments in a net cage

To examine whether the interaction between bumblebees, Bombus ignitus, reduces their foraging area, we conducted bee-removal experiments in a net cage. In the cage, we set potted Salvia farinacea plants, allowed bumblebees to forage freely on those plants, and followed their plant-to-plant movements to identify a bee with a relatively small foraging area. We then removed all the other foraging bees, except for the bee with a small foraging area, and observed the change of the foraging area of the focal bee under conditions of no interaction with other bees. After the removal of the other bees, all five bees tested enlarged their foraging areas, suggesting that the interaction between bees is an important determinant of their foraging areas. The result also means that bumblebees are able to adjust their foraging areas in response to other foragers, indicating the necessity for future studies to clarify what cues bees use to interact with other bees. Moreover, after the removal treatments, all five bees showed temporary increases in the number of flower probes per plant. This can be explained by their optimal foraging according to the old average intake rate for the plant population and by the delayed changes in response to the new high average energy intake rate after the bee-removal treatments.Communicated by M. Giurfa     

德国高等职业教育的特点

基于了解德国“双元制”职业教育基础上，介绍了德国职业教育体系，研究了高等职业教育模式、入学条件、培养目标、培养模式、学制、文凭以及人才培养途径，分析了高等职业教育的师资培养措施与过程、经费保障以及法律保障，阐述了高等职业教育改革的基本目标、基本原则、改革重点、发展趋势以及基本理念．     

旋风分离器的设计选型及工程应用

本文介绍了旋风分离器的设计选型及在工程应用中对于明显改善作业环境、节约投资有着极其重要的意义。以某化工厂生产立德粉为例，分析尾气组成并进行计算，根据计算结果及有关数据合理选择所需旋风分离器：ＣＬＰ／Ｂ５·４Ｙ；风量：２２００Ｍ３／ｈ；阻力４２毫米水柱；进口风速：１２８ｍ／ｓ。     

旋转流厌氧附着膜膨胀床运行及水力流态研究

试验以树脂为载体,用自行设计的旋转流厌氧附着膜嘭胀床处理高浓度有机废水.经过启动、中等负荷稳定运行及高负荷稳定运行等阶段,成功地培养出高效生物膜颗粒,最高有机负荷达46.4 kg/(m3·d).相应的COD去除率大于80%.在反应器运行过程中采用脉冲示踪法,以LiCl作示踪剂,对反应器的水力流态规律进行了系统的试验研究.研究表明,水力上升流速及气体负荷是影响反应器容积利用率及反应器内固液两相混合程度的重要因素.