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排序方式: 共有1213条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
961.
962.
Alison M. Flanagan Bryce Masuda Catherine E. Grueber Jolene T. Sutton 《Conservation biology》2021,35(4):1278-1287
Understanding how inbreeding affects endangered species in conservation breeding programs is essential for their recovery. The Hawaiian Crow (‘Alalā) (Corvus hawaiiensis) is one of the world's most endangered birds. It went extinct in the wild in 2002, and, until recent release efforts starting in 2016, nearly all of the population remained under human care for conservation breeding. Using pedigree inbreeding coefficients (F), we evaluated the effects of inbreeding on Hawaiian Crow offspring survival and reproductive success. We used regression tree analysis to identify the level of inbreeding (i.e., inbreeding threshold) that explains a substantial decrease in ‘Alalā offspring survival to recruitment. Similar to a previous study of inbreeding in ‘Alalā, we found that inbreeding had a negative impact on offspring survival but that parental (vs. artificial) egg incubation improved offspring survival to recruitment. Furthermore, we found that inbreeding did not substantially affect offspring reproductive success, based on the assumption that offspring that survive to adulthood breed with distantly related mates. Our novel application of regression tree analysis showed that offspring with inbreeding levels exceeding F = 0.098 were 69% less likely to survive to recruitment than more outbred offspring, providing a specific threshold value for ongoing population management. Our results emphasize the importance of assessing inbreeding depression across all life history stages, confirm the importance of prioritizing parental over artificial egg incubation in avian conservation breeding programs, and demonstrate the utility of regression tree analysis as a tool for identifying inbreeding thresholds, if present, in any pedigree-managed population. 相似文献
963.
Jessica R. Quinlan Shannon J. O'Leary Andrew T. Fields Martin Benavides Emily Stumpf Ramon Carcamo Joel Cruz Derrick Lewis Beverly Wade George Amato Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis Gina M. Clementi Demian D. Chapman 《Conservation biology》2021,35(3):991-1001
Developing-world shark fisheries are typically not assessed or actively managed for sustainability; one fundamental obstacle is the lack of species and size-composition catch data. We tested and implemented a new and potentially widely applicable approach for collecting these data: mandatory submission of low-value secondary fins (anal fins) from landed sharks by fishers and use of the fins to reconstruct catch species and size. Visual and low-cost genetic identification were used to determine species composition, and linear regression was applied to total length and anal fin base length for catch-size reconstruction. We tested the feasibility of this approach in Belize, first in a local proof-of-concept study and then scaling it up to the national level for the 2017–2018 shark-fishing season (1,786 fins analyzed). Sixteen species occurred in this fishery. The most common were the Caribbean reef (Carcharhinus perezi), blacktip (C. limbatus), sharpnose (Atlantic [Rhizoprionodon terraenovae] and Caribbean [R. porosus] considered as a group), and bonnethead (Sphyrna cf. tiburo). Sharpnose and bonnethead sharks were landed primarily above size at maturity, whereas Caribbean reef and blacktip sharks were primarily landed below size at maturity. Our approach proved effective in obtaining critical data for managing the shark fishery, and we suggest the tools developed as part of this program could be exported to other nations in this region and applied almost immediately if there were means to communicate with fishers and incentivize them to provide anal fins. Outside the tropical Western Atlantic, we recommend further investigation of the feasibility of sampling of secondary fins, including considerations of time, effort, and cost of species identification from these fins, what secondary fin type to use, and the means with which to communicate with fishers and incentivize participation. This program could be a model for collecting urgently needed data for developing-world shark fisheries globally. Article impact statement: Shark fins collected from fishers yield data critical to shark fisheries management in developing nations. 相似文献
964.
965.
Diffusion of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) from an e-waste recycling area to the surrounding regions in Southeast China 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Ya-Xian Zhao Xiao-Fei Qin Yan Li Peng-Yan Liu Mi Tian Shi-Shuai Yan Zhan-Fen Qin Xiao-Bai Xu Yong-Jian Yang 《Chemosphere》2009,76(11):1470-1476
Using Cinnamomum camphora (C. camphora) leaves as biomonitors, we investigated that the diffusion of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) from an e-waste recycling area to the surrounding regions. Variance in ∑32PBDEs concentrations (0.46–399.93 ng g−1 dry weight) in the leaves showed that PBDEs from the e-waste recycling area diffused into the surrounding regions, and resulted in a halo of PBDEs contamination, at least 74 km in radius. The attenuation of ∑32PBDEs in the diffusing process fitted in log-linear regression. The difference in the attenuating slopes of linear equations among different directions can be explained by terrain and wind direction. The attenuation of PBDE congeners also fitted well in log-linear regression. The findings that similar attenuating slopes and characteristic travel distance among congeners suggest that the transport behavior of lower brominated congeners might not differ from that of higher brominated congeners in short-range scale. 相似文献
966.
Weighted road density: A simple way of assigning traffic-related air pollution exposure 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Nectarios Rose Christine Cowie Robert Gillett Guy B. Marks 《Atmospheric environment (Oxford, England : 1994)》2009,43(32):5009-5014
BackgroundExisting traffic variables used for predicting NO2 in epidemiological studies are either difficult to acquire or explain only a small proportion of the variance. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a new predictor, weighted road density, which combines the maximum amount of information related to traffic into a single variable without the requirement of obtaining traffic counts for a given area.MethodTwo week NO2 samples were collected using the readings of up to 32 passive samplers on 3 separate rounds between September and December 2006 and again in 2007. Several types of traffic related explanatory variables based on traffic counts, distance to main road and the proposed weighted road density were constructed using GIS software, and tested for association with the NO2 samplers. Assessment of the best model was based on R2 values, as well as leave-one-out cross validation.ResultsThe weighted road density variable and the density variable based on traffic counts resulted in a similar R2 (0.59) for predicting NO2, although weighted road density was much easier to construct and outperformed other variables such as distance to main road.ConclusionAs well as being a powerful predictor for use in a land use regression model, weighted road density can be used as a proxy for exposure to traffic-related pollution, for use in circumstances where direct measurements of pollutant levels are not feasible or are not required. 相似文献
967.
R. Brad Mills Andrew M. Paterson David R.S. Lean John P. Smol Greg Mierle Jules M. Blais 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2009,157(11):2949-2956
Total mercury concentration was analyzed in 171 lakes from pre-industrial (>30 cm depth; Hgpre-industrial) and present-day sediments (0.5–1 cm; Hgpresent-day). Numerous hot or cold spots of sediment mercury enrichment (Hg EF; Hgpre-industrial/Hgpresent-day) were evident as determined by local tests of autocorrelation, although in most cases, the maximum correlation among sites was not the nearest neighbor, indicating a strong influence of watershed characteristics. Hg EF was correlated with the area of open water (ha) (r = 0.91, p = 0.035), mine tailings (r = 0.94, p = 0.019), and organic deposits in surficial geology of the watershed (r = −0.91, p = 0.034). Through use of local rather than global regression coefficients, R2 increased from 0.20 (p = 0.005) to 0.60 (p = 0.013). A broad spatial pattern (>500 km) observed only in Hgpre-industrial was best explained by mean annual precipitation (shared variance = 3.5%), while finer spatial patterns only observed in Hgpresent-day and Hg EF were best explained by pH (average shared variance = 10.8%). 相似文献
968.
In the Czech Hydrometeorological Institute (CHMI) there exists a unique set of meteorological measurements consisting of the values of vertical atmospheric levels of beta and gamma radiation. In this paper a stochastic data-driven model based on nonlinear regression and on nonhomogeneous Poisson process is suggested. In the first part of the paper, growth curves were used to establish an appropriate nonlinear regression model. For comparison we considered a nonhomogeneous Poisson process with its intensity based on growth curves. In the second part both approaches were applied to the real data and compared. Computational aspects are briefly discussed as well. The primary goal of this paper is to present an improved understanding of the distribution of environmental radiation as obtained from the measurements of the vertical radioactivity profiles by the radioactivity sonde system. 相似文献
969.
Characterization of eco-cement paste produced from waste sludges 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
In this study, marble sludge, sewage sludge, drinking water treatment plant sludge, and basic oxygen furnace sludge were used as replacements for limestone, sand, clay, and iron slag, respectively, as the raw materials for the production of cement in order to produce eco-cement. It was found that it is feasible to use marble sludge to replace up to 50% of the limestone and also that other materials can serve as total replacements for the raw materials typically used in the production of cement. The major components of Portland cement were all found in eco-cement clinkers. The eco-cement was confirmed to produce calcium hydroxide and calcium silicate hydrates during the hydration process, increasing densification with the curing age. The compressive strength (Sc) and microstructural evaluations conducted at 28 d revealed the usefulness of eco-cement. It was observed that the Sc data correlated linearly with the pore volume (P) data at 28 d. The proposed model equation could be represented as Sc = 178-461P (correlation coefficient, R2 = 0.96). Two parameters, the large capillary pore volume and the medium capillary pore volume, were evaluated using multiple regression analysis. 相似文献
970.
采用旋流板式塔,考察了在吸收剂中添加正辛醇或异辛醇前后氨的气液传质性能.实验结果表明,在氨气体积分数为0.80%、气体流量为0.8 m3/min、吸收剂水力负荷为0~1.62 m3/(m2·h)的条件下,添加1.00 g/L的正辛醇或异辛醇,溶液的表面张力下降,旋流板式塔的理论板数升高;而在稀硫酸溶液中加入正辛醇或异辛醇后,却不利于氨气的传质.运用matlab软件对结果进行回归分析,建立了旋流板式塔的理论板数与其影响因素的回归方程. 相似文献