Mucolipidosis type IV: Accumulation of phospholipids and gangliosides in cultured amniotic cells. A tool for prenatal diagnosis

Cultured amniotic fluid cells from two mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV)-affected fetuses demonstrated accumulation of phospholipids and gangliosides when compared with normal controls. Like cultured skin fibroblasts from MLIV patients, cultured amniotic cells from the affected fetuses accumulated primarily lyso phospholipids and this could be demonstrated by radioactive labelling with appropriate precursors, either inorganic phosphate or oleic acid. Furthermore, like cultured skin fibroblasts, there was significant retention of exogenously supplied GDIA ganglioside in the affected amniotic cells. This storage was previously demonstrated to be unique to MLIV and thus can be used at present as a specific procedure for prenatal diagnosis of MLIV.     

云南省土壤污染状况调查中样品的保存与管理

主要介绍了土壤污染状况调查中，应通过规范要求土壤样品的保存与管理步骤，确保土壤污染状况调查数据的准确性与可比性。     

The prenatal determination of glucose-6-phosphatase activity by fetal liver biopsy

Two fetuses at risk for glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency had in utero liver biopsies. Analysis of each showed this enzyme activity to be in the normal range and the pregnancies continued. Neither child has any clinical or metabolic evidence of glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency.     

A nanocomposite of CoFe2O4-carbon microspheres for electrochemical energy storage applications

A carbon/CoFe₂O₄ composite was synthesized by precipitation method. The morphology of the composite was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra, and vibrating sample magnetometry. The electrocapacitive behaviors of the composite has been studies by cycle voltammogram and galvanic charge/discharge. The size of the nanoparticles carbon composite of CoFe₂O₄ was uniform and 209 nm. Due to a high percent of carbon, electrochemical measurements showed electrical double layer mechanism. Specifically, the carbon/cobalt ferrite electrode exhibited high specific capacitance of 102.5 F g^?1 at a current density of 0.16 A g^?1, and high rate capability with 30% retention of capacitance even up to 20 A g^?1, and excellent cycling stability with 81.5% retention of the initial capacitance after 6000 charge/discharge cycles, supporting that the carbon cobalt ferrite composite electrode could be a potential candidate for supercapacitor application.     

退耕还林还草工程对生态系统碳储存服务的影响——以黄土高原丘陵沟壑区子长县为例

陆地生态系统碳储量是表征生态系统碳储存服务的重要指标,与土地利用变化之间存在着密切的关系。退耕还林还草工程使区域土地利用格局发生巨大变化,并对生态系统碳储存服务造成了较大的影响。为了能简单快速的评估退耕还林还草工程对陆地生态系统碳储存服务所带来的影响,以位于黄土高原丘陵沟壑区的子长县为例,运用InVEST模型评估了退耕还林还草工程对陆地生态系统碳储量的影响,进一步耦合InVEST模型和FLUS模型,并设置四种不同的退耕还林还草实施情景,预测子长县2037年陆地生态系统碳储量变化和碳汇产生的经济价值。研究发现：（1）子长县退耕还林还草工程实施效果显著,17年间共有31627.98 hm²耕地退耕为林地和草地,境内的林草覆盖率由2000年的53.26%增长至2017年的64.20%;（2）退耕还林还草工程的实施显著提升了子长县陆地生态系统碳储存服务,碳储量由2000年的39.19×10⁶ t增长至2017年42.34×10⁶ t,增加量集中在工程实施主要阶段（2000—2008年）;（3）未来子长县若继续实施退耕还林还草工程,其生态系统碳储存服务会得到进一步提升,且会获得一定的碳汇经济价值。预计到2037年子长县在退耕还林还草工程实施A、B、C、D四种情景下的陆地生态系统碳储量将分别达到：43.78×10⁶ t、44.10×10⁶ t、44.32×10⁶ t和44.54×10⁶ t,并将由此获得碳汇经济价值净收益分别为1627.88万美元、1979.89万美元、2231.39万美元和2471.67万美元。耦合InVEST-FLUS模型,不但能利用InVEST模型简单快速的对陆地生态系统碳储量进行评估,而且还能基于FLUS模型对未来土地利用变化情景下的陆地生态系统碳储量和碳汇经济价值做出测算。     

CANON生物膜载体储存及活性恢复研究

采用不同活性恢复手段研究了短期低温（20d,15℃）储存及常温（25℃）低负荷运行后,CANON-MBBR反应器的活性恢复效果.结果显示,CANON悬浮载体经短期低温储存后,通过先恢复温度后缓慢提高进水负荷的方式可使其TN去除负荷恢复率达到102%.若在温度未恢复的基础上直接将进水负荷提升至原水平运行,CANON悬浮载体生物膜将无法维持正常的EPS含量而易发生脱膜现象,致使TN去除负荷恢复率仅为84%.另外,系统有一定基质浓度的基础上,经过25d常温（25℃）低负荷SBR运行后,通过同样的恢复手段可使TN去除负荷恢复率达到96%.通过微生物菌群分析,确定CANON-MBBR系统中功能微生物优势菌属分别为Nitrosomonas和Candidatus Kuenenia,采取合适的恢复手段使系统进入稳定运行阶段后,两者丰度均可分别达到11%以上及27%以上,且悬浮载体脱膜并未对微生物组成造成明显影响.     

环境温度对复合固体推进剂贮存老化微观损伤作用机制研究

目的研究复合固体推进剂在环境温度作用下的微观损伤机制。方法开展复合固体推进剂实验室高温加速老化试验,分析不同损伤程度下的化学官能团和损耗因子的变化规律,综合推断环境温度作用下的微观损伤机制。结果复合固体推进剂在环境温度作用下,氧化剂AP一直不断地分解释放出活性成分,攻击HTPB粘合剂主链,使粘合剂主链初期主要发生交联反应,生成多种氧化产物如过氧化物、醛基、酯基。在老化后期,粘合剂主链开始断链,断链位置应该为R—CO—NH或C=C处,使得R—CO—NH、C=C含量随着老化时间的增加而逐渐降低。结论在环境温度的作用下,复合固体推进剂同时发生氧化交联和分解断链两种反应,但老化初期氧化交联占主导,老化后期主要发生分解断链。     

A methodology for enhancing the reliability of expert system applications in probabilistic risk assessment

In highly complex industries, capturing and employing expert systems is significantly important to an organization's success considering the advantages of knowledge-based systems. The two most important issues within the expert system applications in risk and reliability analysis are the acquisition of domain experts' professional knowledge and the reasoning and representation of the knowledge that might be expressed. The first issue can be correctly handled by employing a heterogeneous group of experts during the expert knowledge acquisition processes. The members of an expert panel regularly represent different experiences and knowledge. Subsequently, this diversity produces various sorts of information which may be known or unknown, accurate or inaccurate, and complete or incomplete based on its cross-functional and multidisciplinary nature. The second issue, as a promising tool for knowledge reasoning, still suffers from lack of deficiencies such as weight and certainty factor, and are insufficient to accurately represent complex rule-based expert systems. The outputs in current expert system applications in probabilistic risk assessment could not accurately represent the increasingly complex knowledge-based systems. The reason is the lack of certainty and self-assurance of experts when they are expressing their opinions. In this paper, a novel methodology is presented based on the concept of Z-numbers to overcome this issue. A case study in a high-tech process industry is provided in detail to demonstrate the application and feasibility of the proposed methodology.     

基于高斯模型的液氨储罐泄漏扩散仿真分析

为研究氨气泄漏的扩散距离与风速的关系,有效控制和降低事故的后果,以渭南某化工企业液氨储罐为研究对象,对液氨储罐泄漏的扩散规律进行数值仿真分析。首先运用MATLAB仿真模拟软件,采用高斯羽流模型,研究液氨储罐的泄漏扩散的影响因素,确定液氨扩散中毒危险区域。然后运用SPSS软件,采用曲线估计的方法,拟合泄漏扩散造成的下风向以及横风向距离与风速的关系。研究结果表明:液氨储罐泄漏达到连续稳定状态时,同一储罐泄露速率与泄漏孔径相关,孔径越小泄露速率越小,导致危险区域面积越小;大气稳定度越差时,所造成的危险区域面积更大;空气流动速度增加导致大气趋向稳定,能有效减小泄漏源造成的危险区域面积;获得了液氨储罐在白天(夜间)泄漏孔径为50 mm(25 mm)时,任何风速下人员中毒轻伤、重伤以及死亡的范围。     

InVEST模型对锡林郭勒草原碳储量研究的适用性分析

锡林郭勒草原是我国四大草原之一,也是内蒙古主要的天然草场。近年来,在各种因素影响下,锡林郭勒草原区生态系统发生重大变化,导致草原区碳储量也发生改变。本文尝试应用In VEST模型中的碳储量模块对2013年锡林郭勒草原碳储量进行研究,从而探究In VEST模型在碳储量研究中的适用性。结果表明:(1)锡林郭勒草原各草地类型的地下碳储量明显多于地上碳储量;(2)草甸草原碳储量典型草原碳储量荒漠草原碳储量;(3)应用In VEST模型计算不同草地类型地上和地下碳储量,草甸草原分别为196.7 g?m~(-2)和1385.2 g?m~(~(-2));典型草原的分别为133.4 g?m~(-2)和688.9 g?m~(-2);荒漠草原的分别为56.6 g?m~(-2)和301 g?m~(-2)。应用In VEST模型计算出来的碳储量值与前人采用实地采样得出的结果基本一致,所以In VEST模型对于草原区碳储量的研究具有一定的适用性。