用于处理含油废水的吸油罐的研制

聚丙烯纤维是一种很好的吸油材料 ,以它作为吸油罐内的滤料吸附含油废水中的油 ,使水达标排放 ,再用蒸汽吹扫滤料上的油进行收集 ,使油回收利用     

分布式光伏-储能系统经济-碳排放-能源效益实证分析——以山东省胶州光伏及其储能系统为例

建立光伏-储能系统成本收益经济模型和全生命周期碳排放和能源分析模型,以静态投资回收期和内部收益率、碳排放强度和碳补偿回收期、能量回收期分别作为经济效益、碳减排效益和能源效益的评价指标,并以山东省胶州农村5,8,10,15kW光伏和11kW-h储能系统为案例,分析增加储能系统后的经济-碳排放-能源特征.案例表明,增加储能...     

用温湿度仪测定复合材料包装容器透湿度

介绍了采用温湿度仪连续监测的方法测定复合材料包装容器的透湿度,对缩短试验时间,减小测试误差具有参考意义。提出对于复合材料包装容器部分为金属材料的情况,透湿面积的计算方式。     

A stochastic approach for the operation of a wind and pumped storage plant under a deregulated environment

To improve the competiveness in the energy market, it is necessary that the wind power plants provide guaranteed power generation, although, it is not possible to forecast power availability from wind power plant accurately. This paper presents a stochastic model and solution technique for the combined operation of wind and pumped storage power plants to improve the power availability and increasing the profit considering uncertainties of wind power generation. In this model, uncertainties in wind data have been forecasted for grid connected day-ahead market using Weibull distribution model. The imbalances in the forecasted wind data and the market demand have been reduced by operating the pumped storage power plant. In this stochastic mixed integer problem, pumped storage plant can take the supply either from the grid or from the wind power plant for the pumping operation to store the energy in order to utilize this energy during peak hours for increasing the overall revenue. The reliability of the pumped storage is improved by replacing the conventional unit with the adjustable speed type pumped storage unit. In order to prove the optimality of the solution, two case studies were considered. In case study–I, scheduling is provided by operating the conventional pumped storage unit, whereas in case study–II, adjustable speed pumped storage unit has been used. It has been found that the adjustable speed pumped storage unit has further reduced the imbalance between generated power and demand. The complete approach has been formulated and implemented using AMPL software.     

金沙江头塘小流域人工林有机碳及其剖面分布特征

采用野外调查、室内分析并结合相关的方法,研究探讨了金沙江头塘小流域7种不同植被恢复人工林土壤剖面层次有机碳(SOC)含量、有机碳密度(SOCD)和有机碳储量及分布特征。结果表明,不同林分类型及土层间土壤SOC含量存在明显差异:就整个土层(0~100 cm)而言,7种林分土壤SOC平均含量介于6.46±1.67~24.95±2.32 g·kg–1,大小依次为柳杉林旱冬瓜林圆柏林栓皮栎林圣诞树林墨西哥林藏柏林,且差异显著(p0.05);7种林分土壤SOC含量均出现表聚现象,从表层到深层都呈现递减趋势,且具有一定的规律性;7种林分土壤容重总体上均表现为随土层深度的增加逐渐增加,土壤容重表现为:柳杉林栓皮栎林圣诞树林圆柏林旱冬瓜林墨西哥柏林、藏柏林;7种林分土壤有机碳密度垂直分布和土壤有机碳含量垂直分布特征一致,随土层深度增加土壤有机碳密度减少,以表土10 cm的土壤有机碳密度最大;有机碳储量均随着土层加深所占比例逐渐降低,同时土壤有机碳主要集中于土层0~40 cm内,分别占总有机碳的65.60%(圣诞树林)、63.16%(旱冬瓜林)、54.41%(墨西哥柏林)、58.56%(圆柏林)、62.96%(藏柏林)、61.70%(栓皮栎林)和56.37%(柳杉林),0~40 cm土层土壤有机碳占总有机碳的百分比均达到50%以上。     

污泥淋溶器的改进对重金属淋溶行为的影响

为增强污泥淋溶器固定污泥重金属的效果,降低其淋滤液中重金属含量从而更加安全地农业利用,在前期研究基础上对污泥淋溶器进行了改进,实验不同高度开孔和在污泥中间垂直放置黑网两个改进措施。研究表明,距淋溶器底部2 cm处开孔,污泥淋滤液的Cd和Cu总量显著低于底部开孔(原始污泥淋溶器)。淋溶器底部2 cm形成厌(缺)氧层使得下层硫化物态Zn、Cd和Cu含量显著高于孔的上层,提高了污泥重金属的生物稳定性。添加中间黑网可显著降低污泥淋滤液Cu总量。上述污泥淋溶器的两个改进措施均可有效固定污泥中某些重金属,减小污泥淋滤液重金属累计总量,促进污泥淋滤液更安全农用。     

典型挥发性有机化合物在气体采样罐中的存储稳定性

选取了6种有代表性的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）,异丙醇、二氯甲烷、乙酸乙烯酯、正己烷、苯和四氯化碳,实测了这些VOCs在气体采样罐（SUMMA罐）中的存储稳定性。结果表明：苯、正己烷和二氯甲烷在采样罐中均较稳定,其含量在84 d的存储期内基本无变化;乙酸乙烯酯在6个VOCs中最不稳定,在普通和惰性采样罐中含量均明显下降;异丙醇和四氯化碳的稳定性与采样罐的类型有关,在普通采样罐内含量下降明显,而在惰性采样罐内则相对稳定。实际监测工作中,为提高VOCs分析的准确性,如目标分析物有含氧类（醇,酮,酯等）或含卤素类VOCs,则采样后需尽快分析,同时尽量选择惰性采样罐为采样容器。     

石化企业储罐大呼吸损耗影响因素的分析

储罐是石化行业挥发性有机物(VOCs)无组织排放源的重要组成部分。采用美国环保署推荐的储罐VOCs排放量计算公式,以云南某炼化企业的典型热渣油立式固定顶罐以及北京某石化企业的汽油外浮顶罐和甲苯内浮顶罐为基准案例进行储罐大呼吸损耗量的计算,考察了其影响因素,总结出影响储罐大呼吸损耗的关键参数,并有针对性地提出降耗措施。结果表明:影响固定顶罐大呼吸损耗的关键参数为气相分子摩尔质量、日平均液体表面温度和年周转量;影响外浮顶罐大呼吸损耗的首要关键参数为罐壁黏附系数,其次为年周转量和有机液体的密度;影响内浮顶罐大呼吸损耗的首要关键参数为罐壁黏附系数,其次为年周转量和固定顶支撑柱数量。     

Fabrication and characterization of electrospun porous cellulose acetate nanofibrous mats incorporated with capric acid as form-stable phase change materials for storing/retrieving thermal energy

Electrospun cellulose acetate (CA) nanofibrous mats incorporated with capric acid was studied to fabricate form-stable phase change materials (PCMs) for storing/retrieving thermal energy. Electrospun CA nanofibrous mats with different porous structures and specific surface areas were firstly prepared through regulating the volume ratio of mixture solvent of acetone/dichloromethane (DCM). Effects of different volume ratio of mixture solvent and mat thickness on the morphological structure, specific surface area, and absorption capacity of CA nanofibrous mats were systematically investigated. The results indicated that CA nanofibrous mats were highly porous on the surface; hence, they were capable of absorbing a large amount of capric acid. The maximum absorption capacity of CA mats via electrospinning with volume ratio of acetone/DCM being 5/5 was ~95.8 wt%, due to its higher specific surface area of ~17.1 m²/g. The specific surface area and capric acid absorption capacity of CA nanofibrous mats increased with the increases of mat thickness. As the thickness of nanofibrous mats increased from 10 to 85 μm, the corresponding specific surface area and capric acid absorption capacity of mats increased respectively from 7.2 to 29.0 m²/g and 92.1 to 98.5%. Morphological structures, as well as the properties of thermal energy storage and thermal insulation of the fabricated form-stable PCMs, were studied by scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, and measurement of freezing times, respectively. The results indicated that the resulting form-stable PCMs could well maintain their phase transition characteristics and demonstrated great thermal energy storage capability and temperature regulation ability.     

Energy and exergy analysis of a heat storage tank with a novel eutectic phase change material layer of a solar heater system

Solar energy is one of the most important renewable energy sources, but it is not available every time and every season. Thus, storing of solar energy is important. One of the popular methods of heat storage is use of phase change materials (PCMs) which have large thermal energy storage capacity. In this study, the heat storage tank in a domestic solar water heating system was chosen as control volume. The experiments were performed in the province of Elaz?g, Turkey, in November when solar radiation was weak due to cloudy sky. The heat storage tank of the system was modified to fill PCM between insulation and hot water part. A few PCMs which are Potassium Fluoride, Lithium Metaborate Dihydrate, Strontium Hydroxide Octahydrate, Barium Hydroxide Octahydrate, Aluminum Ammonium Sulfate, and Sodium Hydrogen Phosphate were analyzed to proper operating conditions using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and the best PCM was obtained with the Aluminum Ammonium Sulfate and Sodium Hydrogen Phosphate mixture. Thus, eutectic PCM was obtained and used in a heat storage tank of the solar water heating system. Energy and exergy analysis of heat storage tank was performed with and without the PCM. Energy and exergy analysis has shown that the heat storage tank with the PCM is more efficient than without the PCM and the maximum exergy efficiency was obtained as 22% with the heat storage tank with the PCM.