山东省环境监测转型发展实践与探讨

山东省环境监测工作经过近40年的发展,取得历史性的突破,目前正处于继往开来、转型发展的关键阶段。按照国家的统一部署和要求,将工作重心转到环境监测业务和技术上来,实现各级监测站的成功转型,是环境监测系统深化改革、促进科学发展的必然要求。在转型中成长,在转型中发展是体制机制改革的基点。文章从山东省环境监测的发展历程回顾和评价出发,提出了转型发展的定位、制度、技术体系、重点领域等方面的对策措施。     

基于碳平衡核算的寒冷地区高校校园低碳建设策略研究

以校园碳平衡核算为主要技术手段的量化分析,能够目标明确的阐释校园内碳排放和碳吸收情况,根据碳排放量和碳吸收量占比制定相应的校园低碳减排建设策略,对高校今后的低碳化发展能够提供科学性、准确性的量化依据。本文考虑到碳排放因子的差异性,以实体项目作为分析基础,遴选与集成既有碳排放核算方法,进行了寒冷地区校园碳平衡核算。目标校园为山东建筑大学新校区,计算边界为山东建筑大学新校区空间范围内所有建筑和设施运行产生的、与学校日常事务相关的全部能源消费CO2排放。计算时间以2014年为参照基准年份,以2015年为主要计算年份。碳平衡计算结果表明:2015年校园碳排放量,建筑为20 051 t,交通为171 t,生活为6 576 t;碳吸收量中绿植固碳11 936 t,光伏固碳266 t,净排放24 596 t。校园碳排放系数为3.02,人均碳排放系数为1.04。分析核算数据,校园内碳排放量主要集中于建筑的日常运行用能排放,建筑用能排放中煤炭电力天然气,所涉及耗能用途主要为冬季采暖、空调、照明、热水及炊事。因此,这些用能成为影响校园碳排放的主要影响因素,据此提出高校校园碳减排策略,主要包括:基于碳平衡预测下的校园规划;遵从地域气候特征的生态补偿;建筑单体的低碳化设计与改造;设备系统的低碳化调适与更新;可再生能源的替代性应用。     

基于模糊聚类的旅游资源评价及开发策略研究——以长春市为例

旅游资源评价与分析是对旅游资源进行有效保护和合理开发的前提。从目前我国旅游资源评价工作来看,模糊评价法是较先进的方法。长春市旅游资源的优势体现在生态旅游、殖民遗迹旅游、影视文化旅游、汽车工业旅游、冰雪旅游等方面。采用单体总量、储量、储量丰度、优良级单体数量、优良级单体储量、优良级单体品质等6个指标,运用模糊聚类方法对长春市旅游资源进行了定量评价,其评价结果是比较客观和科学的。根据研究结果并结合长春市的实际情况,提出了长春市旅游资源开发的相关策略。     

江苏省淮安市赵集镇旅游开发战略研究

乡镇旅游开发战略决定着乡镇旅游的发展成败。从分析旅游开发战略环境、确立战略指导思想、构建战略原则、确定开发战略定位、落实战略重点、推进战略措施、设置战略项目等方面论述了江苏省淮安市赵集镇的旅游开发战略模式。     

Value in sustainability: the process industry perspective

The most important driver for management is successful business that increases its value to shareholders. The adoption of environmentally responsible business practices can open up an additional range of opportunities for companies, for example by improving material efficiency. The choice to improve environmental performance of a company tends to also improve its financial performance. In this paper, our aim is to study the value of sustainability in process and mining industry from the perspective of interest groups such as investors, customers and the public, by using case examples. Interviews and workshops were employed to investigate whether or not investors and customers are interested in sustainability in the process and mining industries. We also illustrate how easy it can be to jeopardize corporate reputation through. The present situation and challenges faced in bringing sustainability into everyday business practices are summarized and proposals made concerning ways to achieve increased sustainability.     

我国部分省市初中生防灾素养调查研究

为了解我国初中生防灾素养水平,找出制约其防灾素养提升的关键因素,总结一般问题,并提出相应策略,分别选取了经济发展程度相对较高的北京、上海、天津、广东、福建及黑龙江6个省市的初中各年级学生作为调查对象,回收有效问卷7 313份(发放10 000份)。调查发现,我国初中生防灾素养总体水平偏低,初中生大多具有正向积极的防灾态度,防灾态度维度得分高于防灾技能,防灾知识维度最低。但这只能看作全国较高水平,而不能看作一般水平,真实情况可能更令人堪忧。针对此情况,提出要针对学生年龄及心理特点开展课程开发相关研究,以期促进灾害教育的开展与学生防灾素养的提升。     

西部大开发战略的实施绩效考察

选择"十一五"末期国家区域发展规划的战略重点——成渝经济区、关中天水经济区、广西北部湾经济区作为研究对象,从经济增长趋同性研究的视角出发,利用上述三大经济区所涵盖的30个地级及以上城市的数据作为样本,采取Onestep-System-GMM方法对动态面板趋同模型进行回归,考察三大经济区在2000-2009年之间经济增长的趋同性质,并计算出大致趋同速度。本文的研究结果显示,西部地区的经济增长呈现出明显的条件趋同特征,趋同速度大约为-3.3%-2.0%,即西部大开发战略实施以来,西部地区内部的经济增长出现了缓慢的趋异。由于政策时滞的存在,且西部地区投资多以基础设施建设为主,投资以及经济增长的滞后一期对当期经济增长的影响并不显著。而初始经济状态和教育事业费支出对当期经济增长则有显著的正向影响。因此促进西部经济基础薄弱地区的发展是未来西部大开发深化推进的关键,而在保持物质资本投资规模的同时加大教育及人力投资的比重则可以有效缩小西部地区经济差异。     

Implications of climate and land-use change for landscape processes,biodiversity, ecosystem services,and governance

This introduction to the Special Issue summarizes the results of 14 scientific articles from the interdisciplinary research program Ekoklim at Stockholm University, Sweden. In this program, we investigate effects of changing climate and land use on landscape processes, biodiversity, and ecosystem services, and analyze issues related to adaptive governance in the face of climate and land-use change. We not only have a research focus on the 22 650 km² Norrström catchment surrounding lake Mälaren in south-central Sweden, but we also conduct research in other Swedish regions. The articles presented here show complex interactions between multiple drivers of change, as well as feedback processes at different spatiotemporal scales. Thus, the Ekoklim program highlights and deals with issues relevant for the future challenges society will face when land-use change interacts with climate change.     

Midas’ Not-So-Golden Touch: On the Demise of Methyl Iodide as a Soil Fumigant in California

The demise of the soil fumigant, Midas, was heralded as a major environmental movement achievement, when Arysta LifeScience eventually deemed it economically non-viable and withdrew from US markets just before resolution of a lawsuit. Building on scholarship that focuses on strategy to understand how social movements sometimes win, we show how activist tactics were able to exploit the missteps of their opponents. These included the unreasonable expectations of Arysta for grower adoptions, the foibles of the director of California's Department of Pesticide Regulation in registering the chemical, and the reluctance of California's strawberry industry to discontinue use of methyl bromide. Although activist tactics, such as public comments and protests, had only a modest impact on the regulatory process, they had a major impact on grower adoptions of the chemical. This, together with a lawsuit that was not going well for the defendants, ultimately led to the withdrawal. Still, there was a great deal of luck involved, especially in the lawsuit in which the judge made rulings and statements favourable to the plaintiffs. Here, ‘scientization’, worked in favour of the movement rather than the industry.     

基于智能优化算法的河流水质模型参数的优化

为探索河流水质模型参数新的求解方法,根据有限的实测数据,分别应用免疫进化优化算法和免疫进化优选的捕食搜索算法,对河流水质模型计算公式中的多参数进行优化。将优化得到的计算公式用于国内外若干河流的河段中DO浓度值的拟合,并与实测结果进行了比较。结果表明,将免疫进化优化算法或免疫进化优选的捕食搜索算法优化得到的水质模型参数精度不仅较高,而且相对稳定,从而为河流水质模型参数的优化提供了一种新方法。