黄铜矿在含铁酸性介质中氧化过程的电化学研究

以天然黄铜矿为研究对象,运用开路电位,循环伏安曲线,Tafel极化曲线和交流阻抗(EIS)等电化学手段,对在硫酸介质中三价铁离子对黄铜矿的氧化过程的电化学行为进行了研究.结果表明,黄铜矿在酸性介质中的氧化可能通过两步反应完成,第一步中电极表面形成了一层主要成分是含硫中间产物的钝化膜,第二步则是黄铜矿主体的氧化.Fe3+离子有助于黄铁矿的直接氧化,在黄铜矿的溶解过程中起到了重要作用.极化曲线测量的结果显示随着溶液中Fe3+离子浓度的增加,黄铜矿的极化电流也在增加,黄铜矿也更容易进入钝化阶段.同时,交流阻抗对Fe3+离子浓度改变的响应也很敏感.     

碳纳米管电极电还原降解水中头孢他啶

通过SEM、FITR、CV、Tafel等表征,以头孢他啶为目标污染物,研究了自制多壁碳纳米管电极电还原难降解有机物等的特性,并用高效液相色谱检测反应后目标污染物的质量浓度.结果表明,该电极性能稳定,可耐受一定程度的腐蚀,具有较好的性能.循环伏安结果表明,在800 mV左右获得较大的氧化峰,峰值达到-0.2 mA,头孢他啶在该电极上的降解是不可逆的.碳纳米管电极电还原降解头孢他啶的适宜工艺条件为:电极间距1 cm,电压15 V,初始质量浓度1 mg·L-1,离子强度1 g·L-1,pH=6.0.此条件下,反应60 min,头孢他啶的去除效率可达90%以上,该降解过程为二级反应.     

石油化工废水的预处理试验研究

石油化工废水的浓度较高，其中某些组分可生化性低。采用空气吹脱法可去除其中定量低沸点有机溶剂，从而极大降低废水的有机物浓度，并可提高废水的可生化性。本文重点讨论了不同参数条件对废水预处理效果的影响，得出了最佳工艺参数。     

覆膜滤料过滤性能分析

覆膜滤料以其高效低阻、透气性好等特点备受关注。选取4种典型的覆膜滤料,通过静态和动态过滤实验分析其阻力和效率特性,进而对覆膜滤料的过滤性能进行综合分析。结果表明:在清洁阶段,4种覆膜滤料的喷吹周期和残余阻力差异较大,粉尘剥离率平均值为83.2174%,最大偏差为2.32%;在稳定阶段,4种覆膜滤料的清灰周期、残余阻力差异减小且趋于稳定,残余阻力增长率接近且偏差均在5%以内,剥离率平均值为95.4485%,最大偏差仅0.55%。可以看出,稳定阶段覆膜滤料的种类对于阻力增长率和粉尘剥离率影响不大。通过细颗粒物过滤实验可知,评价覆膜滤料对PM2.5的过滤效果需要综合考察滤料清洁阶段和稳定阶段,可为覆膜滤料应用和评价提供指导。     

Chelating resin immobilized sawdust packed chromatographic column: Application to separation and preconcentration of lead ion

Naturally abundant rubber sawdust has been utilized as a stationary support, which after immobilization with a chelating polyelectrolyte (xylenol orange as counterion) gets converted into a suitable column packing material for isolation and enrichment of trace level target analyte, accurately detectable by the technique of differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. The sorbent is robust and re-usable in column-chromatography without showing any leaching and interference complications. Its unique lead ion selectivity from multielemental complex matrices (synthetic water sample, blood serum) at optimized column conditions (pH 2.5 and flow rate 0.5?mL?min^?1) mitigates the usual problems of intermetallic and readsorption effects. Effects of flow rate, pH, equilibration time, and other variables are reported. The system has advantageous feature to be used in a single-column ion chromatography with satisfactory performance. A modest attempt has been made to determine lead fractions in human blood serum samples on the bases of selective retention of ionic and labile fractions on complexing resin.     

Levels of selected essential and toxic elements in the foodstuffs of Islamabad as analyzed by DPASV

Typical dietary components such as vegetables, wheat flour, milk, chicken and drinking water samples have been analyzed for the quantification of essential trace elements like Zn and Cu and potentially toxic trace elements like Pb and Cd. The sensitivity, selectivity and cost effectiveness of Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetric method at Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode has been evaluated and used for the analysis. A database covering the adequacy and safety of trace elements through common food articles was first contrived for the Islamabad region. This was followed by assessment of the mobility rate of the heavy metals in the soil, plant system for evaluation of the environmental impact. The method used was also validated using appropriate certified reference materials.     

Electrochemical determination of the effect of lead(II) on the photochemical degradation of the pesticide metamitron

The complexation of the pesticide Metamitron by lead(II) was investigated by polarography and stripping voltammetry. The influence of the pH on the complexation was determined and a maximum value for the conditional stability constant of the lead‐metamitron complex (logβ’ = 3.1) was obtained at pH 5.6.

An investigation into the photochemical degradation of the pesticide demonstrated that lead decreases the degradation rate of metamitron by 13% within the first 30 days, due to stabilisation by complexation.     

采用筛板塔吹脱模拟处理四氯乙烯污染地下水

利用自主设计的筛板塔装置模拟吹脱四氯乙烯(PCE)污染废水,综合考察了影响吹脱的各因素(气液体积比、初始浓度和筛板数等),同时对吹脱工艺条件进行了优化,并建立了吹脱模型.研究表明:25.68mg/L PCE废水经吹脱后出水浓度降至0.62mg/L,去除率可达97.59%;气液比对废水的吹脱效果影响很大, 且最佳气液比在200左右;PCE初始浓度对去除率的影响并不明显;采用4层塔板时PCE去除效果较好;实验数据很好地遵从一级衰变模型;吨水吹脱成本约为0.31元,可作为后续生化处理的预处理工艺.     

热解温度对生物炭循环伏安曲线特性的影响

随着生物炭在农业和环境领域的应用逐渐增多,生物炭对环境中生物化学过程的影响也日益加深.本文利用循环伏安曲线,探究了不同热解温度下生物炭的电子传递方式.结果发现,在热解温度为400℃时,生物炭的电导率较低,而循环伏安曲线上存在明显的氧化还原峰,这表明生物炭的电子传递方式以官能团的氧化还原反应过程为主.随着热解温度升高,以含氧官能团为主的氧化还原活性物质含量降低,氧化还原峰的峰电流降低;同时,生物炭比表面积增大、导电性增强,循环伏安曲线形状逐渐变为梭形,响应电流也逐渐增大;这表明生物炭的电子传递方式逐渐转变为主要依靠生物炭导电性的方式.总之,循环伏安曲线可以定性地分析生物炭的电子传递方式,为探究生物炭不同电子传递方式对生物化学过程的影响提供了一定的研究基础.     

注碱脱铵技术在污水汽提装置的应用

分析了污水汽提装置净化水氨氯含量偏高的原因，介绍了注碱脱铵技术的机理，讨论了其应用的有关问题。应用结果表明，该技术可使本装置净化水中的氨氯含量明显降低，具有良好的社会和经济效益。