Land institution of China: overall framework,structural evolution,and regulation intensity

China’s land institution can be defined broadly or narrowly. By examining the broad definition of the land institution, we found that there were prerequisite, complementary, and substitutional relationships among the various systems. These relationships were verified through discussion of the structural evolution of each system. Based on these relationships, three methods for quantification were used to measure the regulation intensity and intra-provincial differences in each system among 31 provinces, municipalities, and autonomous regions in China in 2014. The statistics analysis shows that provinces used to pursue outstanding performances in land institution but few provinces could outperform the other provinces in all types of systems. The statistics results also indicate that the provinces which executed land institution earlier often hold significant advantages in institutional innovations but it is still not clear whether they can maintain the advantages. This study recommends that the Chinese government should improve the overall framework of regional land institution based on land systems’ relationships and evolutionary patterns. Furthermore, the government should optimize the spatial distribution of regional land institution based on the intra-provincial differences in land-regulation intensity.     

地铁乘客疏散帮助行为及其影响因素的SEM模型*

为研究地铁疏散中乘客帮助行为及其影响因素之间的作用机制,通过对武汉市地铁站乘客疏散行为进行问卷调查,从普通乘客特征、特殊群体特征、安全认知、疏散环境和恐慌心理5个维度出发,构建地铁乘客疏散帮助行为及其影响因素的结构方程模型。研究结果表明:普通乘客特征、特殊群体特征、安全认知对帮助行为具有直接正向影响,其中安全认知对乘客是否提供帮助行为的影响最大;恐慌心理、疏散环境对帮助行为具有直接负向影响,其中恐慌心理影响较大;安全认知还通过中介变量普通乘客特征、特殊群体特征、疏散环境和恐慌心理对帮助行为产生间接影响。     

Dreams within a dream: Multiple visions and organizational structure

Research has long recognized the potential benefits of vision communicated at all levels of organizations. Despite this recognition, our understanding of the dynamics surrounding suborganizational visions remains limited. In this paper, we aim to explore these dynamics by investigating the role of organizational structure in the use of suborganizational visions. Although research has begun exploring the implications of structure for vision, it has done so on a limited basis in the context of vertical hierarchies. We take a more comprehensive view, exploring the role of both vertical and horizontal dimensions of structure, with specific interest in the relationship between organizational and suborganizational visions. Our findings suggest not only that structural distance moderates the relationship between organizational and suborganizational visions but also that horizontal distance from the organizational core provides the conditions under which suborganizational units communicate distinct visions that are decoupled from the organizational vision. Furthermore, we find a series of coordinating mechanisms that serve to encourage both the vertical nesting and horizontal complementarity of visions, ensuring alignment, even in the presence of decoupling from the organizational vision. Finally, in describing these findings, we elucidate the role of institutions in both providing content for and ensuring the complementarity of suborganizational visions.     

民用运输机场安检系统风险影响因素研究*

为提高民用运输机场安检系统风险管理水平,提出机场安检系统风险辨识模型,基于流程分析的方法确定机场安检的关键岗位,对各关键岗位中的不安全事件运用假设故障类型分析得出各岗位的风险因素;从人-机-环-管对风险因素进行归纳总结,建立民用运输机场安检系统风险影响因素集。提出DEMATEL-ISM风险集成模型分析安检系统风险影响因素的相互关系及层次结构。结果表明:通过模型的影响度计算得出,社会局势对机场安检系统风险影响最大、安检员的服务态度最易受其他因素的影响;通过模型的多层递阶解释结构计算得出,社会局势、安检作业环境、安检员薪酬制度和晋升制度是机场安检系统风险的根源影响因素。集成模型有效分析机场安检系统风险影响因素及其重要性和层次结构,可为机场安检系统风险的有效管理提供依据。     

城市湿地生态系统的结构特征及现存问题

对我国城市湿地生态系统的结构特征和存在问题进行了综述。目前我国城市湿地生态系统的结构特征表现为面积小、分布不均、空间结构和营养结构简单、稳定性低、脆弱性强,同时其形态结构具有显著的景观美学特征,但受水环境因素的制约性强。目前的主要问题是：湿地面积迅速减少、空间结构脆弱性加剧、环境污染加剧、生物多样性降低、生物入侵严重、生态系统稳定性下降、水土流失与湖泊淤积严重、规划设计不当、人为干预强烈。通过综述,将增加人们对城市湿地生态系统结构的深入认识,为开展科学保护、建设、开发、利用活动和促进城市可持续发展提供依据。     

柴油机SCR催化器载体结构参数优化

提出一种柴油机选择催化还原（SCR）催化器载体结构参数优化的设计方法,根据车用柴油机排量,将SCR催化器载体分为4类,选取载体体积、长度、目数、壁厚和涂层厚5个结构参数为设计变量,以高NO。转化率及低压力损失为优化目标,利用拉丁超立方实验设计选择样本点进行数值模拟,在构建的Kriging近似模型基础上,对载体结构参数采用改进的非支配排序遗传算法NSGA—II（non—dominatedsortinggeneticalgorithm—II）进行优化设计。结果表明：Kriging近似模型的拟合精度较高,结合NSGA—II算法对SCR催化器载体结构参数进行优化是可行的、有效的,不同排量下的优化结果均能够较好地满足设计要求。     

地下城市综合管廊的抗火构造与消防设计

综合管廊作为现代化城市的基础设施,能够从根本上解决管线埋设或架立引起的挖掘道路、影响交通、破坏景观等问题。提高道路和公用管线的管理水平,有效利用地下空间,提高防灾能力,是现代化都市的必然要求。本文从管廊的构造、抗火设计要求、管线布置、消防系统等方面出发,对地下城市综合管廊的设计提出了一些具体的建议。     

九寨沟旅游者地方感对资源保护态度的影响

地方感是国外游憩地理学和环境心理学的研究热点,旅游者地方感对其资源保护态度与行为的影响是地方感应用研究的重要内容。以九寨沟为例,设计量表测量了旅游者的地方感及其资源保护态度,通过构建结构方程模型探讨了旅游者地方感与其资源保护态度的关系。研究结果表明：（1）九寨沟的自然风景、社会人文对旅游功能有显著的正向影响,自然风景、旅游功能对旅游者的情感依恋有显著的正向影响;（2）旅游者的资源保护态度直接受其对九寨沟的情感依恋的影响,九寨沟的自然风景、社会人文和旅游功能主要通过旅游者的情感依恋影响资源保护态度,情感依恋在其中起着媒介作用;（3）对自然风景的感知评价是影响旅游者的资源保护态度的主要因素;（4）感知体验水平越高的旅游者,对九寨沟资源环境保护的重要性的认同程度也越高。最后讨论了增强旅游者资源保护意识的途径以及地方感研究的实际意义     

淄博市环境质量现状与改善对策研究

通过对淄博市环境质量变化趋势的分析,指出结构性污染和区域性污染是淄博市环境污染存在的最突出问题,既影响了环境质量状况的持续改善,也制约了环境容量和环境承载能力。提出应科学调整产业结构,加快结构性污染治理,并对加快淄博市工业结构调整提出几点建议。     

An approach to tackling the environmental and health impacts of municipal solid waste disposal in developing countries

Indiscriminate disposal of municipal solid waste in developing countries poses severe environmental and health threats. The study proposes a new method for dealing with these problems. The hybrid structural interaction matrix (HSIM) was used to prioritise major identifiable environmental health factors arising from improper solid waste disposal. The simplistic resource allocation model was adopted to ensure optimality in the allocation of resources to prioritised factors. The study indicates that tackling environmental health impacts from the most prioritised negative disposal factors through optimal allocation of resources, will either reduce or eliminate the impacts associated with subsequent less prioritised factors that are direct consequences of the highly prioritised negative factors. The method proposed will aid decision makers in knowing which set of systemic factors are to be given preference and to what extent at given periods in time.