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61.
通过计算43种有机磷农药的各种结构参数,运用多元线性回归分析方法比较了适用于有机磷农药色谱保留值的定量关系表达式,建立了有机磷农药结构参数对色谱保留值的QSPR模型.模型分析表明:磷酸酯与硫逐磷酸酯两类有机磷农药的模型非交叉验证相关系数R2分别为0.991和0.998,标准误差SE分别为0.0539和0.2874,交叉验证相关系数Q2分别为0.976和0.990,标准偏差Scv分别为0.086和0.610.在已知磷酸酯与硫逐磷酸酯两类有机磷农药结构参数的情况下,此模型可有助于有机磷农药的色谱分析. 相似文献
62.
随着社会经济的发展和城市化进程的推进,我国环境风险事故频发。与此同时,公众对于美好环境的需求日益提升,公众与专家和政府之间的风险判断差异是不同规模的群体性事件发生的主要诱因。为识别公众环境风险接受度的影响因素,本研究基于结构方程模型分析了11种环境风险的客观风险水平和公众感知到的风险影响度、场域了解度、政府信任度、社会经济水平等因素对公众风险接受度的影响。研究结果显示,社会经济水平、风险影响度、场域了解度、政府信任度均直接影响公众的风险接受度;客观风险水平则通过风险影响度的中介作用间接影响风险接受度。因此,为在经济发展过程中降低公众风险感知偏差对生产生活的影响,我国除了通过更严格的风险管控手段降低风险事故发生概率和影响范围外,还需要通过信息公开、公众参与和生态科普等方式增强公众对风险场域的了解度和对政府的信任度以提升风险接受能力。 相似文献
63.
美国AERMOD模型与中国大气导则推荐模型点源比较 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
介绍了美国AERMOD模型和中国大气导则推荐模型一般浓度公式,通过大气稳定度和扩散参数的确定、复杂地形处理和对流条件下污染物扩散等原理方面的比较认为,AERMOD模型优于大气导则推荐模型.以美国环境保护局(USEPA)2个试验场Clifty Creek(平坦地形)和Lovett(复杂地形)的数据资料为比较数据,分别用AERMOD模型和大气导则推荐模型计算SO2小时质量浓度,在Pasquill 6类稳定度下用相对偏差(FB)、预测值与观测值的比率(RHCR)及图形法(Q-Q图)等进行模型比较,结果表明:在RHCR和FB中,AERMOD模型除个别值外,其他均好于大气导则推荐模型;而大气导则推荐模型存在接近或大于模型可靠性界限0.67(0.66和0.74),说明其可靠性比AERMOD模型差;图形法比较中,强不稳定和不稳定下AERMOD模型明显好于大气导则推荐模型,而大气导则推荐模型预测值明显偏低,其他稳定度下结果相差不大.研究认为:在平坦地形和复杂地形条件下,AERMOD模型点源预测值均优于大气导则推荐模型,并从原理上进行了解释. 相似文献
64.
白泥复合衬层防渗稳定性的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
为考察白泥复合防渗衬层的防渗稳定性和对污染物的阻滞去除能力,利用自制击实渗透仪对白泥和亚粘土防渗衬层进行了对比研究. 结果表明:白泥/亚粘土“夹层结构"复合衬层能保持低于国家防渗规范(10-7 cm/s)的防渗性,并对渗滤液中的重金属,CODCr和NH4+-N具有较强的阻滞去除能力,可以与常用的亚粘土防渗衬层相媲美,不过其淋滤出水ρ(Cl-)高,因此其长期防渗稳定性需进一步研究;60%白泥+40%亚粘土“混合式"复合衬层和白泥防渗衬层在渗滤液渗透作用下,其防渗性能不好,渗透系数超过国家防渗规范要求,因此不宜用于填埋场防渗. 相似文献
65.
Geling Wang 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2016,14(1):30-37
Based on the survey data of typical villages in Shaanxi Province, China, the effect of social capital on the income gap of farmers’ households was analyzed using the Shapley value of the total amount of social capital and the social capital structure. The results show the following: first, social capital can expand the household income gap, and the effect of this index on the household income gap is 7.54%. Second, the indexes of the social capital dimension can expand the household income gap, and the structural effects of the household income gap on social networks, social trust, and social participation are 3.17%, 3.64%, and 0.65%, respectively. Third, no dimension of the path is the same as the effect on the household income gap. 相似文献
66.
Secondary arsenic minerals in the environment: A review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Information on arsenic (As) speciation in solid materials is critical for many environmental studies concerned with As stability and/or mobility in natural As-impacted soils and mining or industrial sites contaminated by As. The investigation of these systems has provided evidence for a number of secondary As minerals that have often played a significant role in As mobility in the solid phase–water system. This paper presents a list of environmentally important secondary As minerals in contaminated soil and waste systems, summarizes the information about their origin, occurrence, environmental stability and thermodynamics, and proposes several important avenues for further investigation. 相似文献
67.
Chromium(VI)-containing sorbents in the form of sludge or solid residue from treatment processes are often landfilled or used as fill materials, therefore the long-term stability of metal binding is important. The reduction of Cr(VI)–Cr(III) through heat treatment may be a useful detoxification method. After heating at 500, 900, 1000, and 1100 °C for 4 h, the transformation of chemical states of chromium on 105 °C-dried, 7.9% Cr(VI)-doped TiO2 powders was studied on the basis of surface area measurements, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectra. It was shown that Cr(VI) was reduced to Cr(III) in the Cr(VI)-doped samples after heating within 500–900 °C. The present results also suggested that the chromium octahedral was bridged to the titanium tetrahedral and was incorporated in TiO2 minerals formed after 1000 °C treatment. 相似文献
68.
Silvina Vargas Gil Analia Becker Claudio Oddino Mónica Zuza Adriana Marinelli Guillermo March 《Environmental management》2009,44(2):378-386
Soil microbial populations can fluctuate in response to environmental changes and, therefore, are often used as biological
indicators of soil quality. Soil chemical and physical parameters can also be used as indicators because they can vary in
response to different management strategies. A long-term field trial was conducted to study the effects of different tillage
systems (NT: no tillage, DH: disc harrow, and MP: moldboard plough), P fertilization (diammonium phosphate), and cattle grazing
(in terms of crop residue consumption) in maize (Zea mays L.), sunflower (Heliantus annuus L.), and soybean (Glycine max L.) on soil biological, chemical, and physical parameters. The field trial was conducted for four crop years (2000/2001,
2001/2002, 2002/2003, and 2003/2004). Soil populations of Actinomycetes, Trichoderma spp., and Gliocladium spp. were 49% higher under conservation tillage systems, in soil amended with diammonium phosphate (DAP) and not previously
grazed. Management practices also influenced soil chemical parameters, especially organic matter content and total N, which
were 10% and 55% higher under NT than under MP. Aggregate stability was 61% higher in NT than in MP, 15% higher in P-fertilized
soil, and also 9% higher in not grazed strips, bulk density being 12% lower in NT systems compared with MP. DAP application
and the absence of grazing also reduced bulk density (3%). Using conservation tillage systems, fertilizing crops with DAP,
and avoiding grazing contribute to soil health preservation and enhanced crop production. 相似文献
69.
Wang Junsong He Canfei 《中国人口.资源与环境(英文版)》2009,7(2):44-49
China has witnessed rapid economic development since 1978, and during the time, energy production and consumption developed at a tremendous speed as well. Energy efficiency which can be measured by energy consumption per unit of GDP, however, experienced continuous decrease. Theoretically, the change of energy efficiency can be attributed to industry structural change and technological change. In order to explain the transformation of Chinese energy efficiency, we adopt logarithmic mean Divisia index techniques to decompose changes in energy intensity in the period of 1994-2005. We find that technological change is the dominant contributor in the decline of energy intensity, but the contribution has declined since 2001. The change in industry structure has decreased the energy intensity before 1998, but raised the intensity after 1998. Decomposed technological effects for all sectors indicate that technological progresses in high energy consuming industries such as raw chemical materials and chemical products, smelting and pressing of ferrous metals, manufacture of non-metallic mineral products and household contribute are the principal drivers of China's declining energy intensity. 相似文献
70.