高温脱除H2S的Mn—Fe／Al2O3脱硫剂研究

本文在热力学分析的基础上,制备了Ｍｎ－Ｆｅ／Ａｌ２Ｏ３脱硫剂,原料气中Ｈ２Ｓ浓度约为０．３％,空速约为３０００ｈ＾－１,在５５０－６５０℃的反应条件下,进行了脱硫反应实验,当出口Ｈ２Ｓ浓度大于０．０１％时,结束脱硫反应,在７１０℃,２４００ｈ＾－１空速的条件下,用１０．８３％的Ｏ２对脱硫剂进行再生,当出口ＳＯ２浓度低于０．００２％时,结束再生反应。     

二氧化硫对大鼠血红细胞膜流动性及其酶活性的影响

以二氧化硫(SO2)吸入后大鼠血红细胞膜为研究对象,测定了血红细胞膜流动性与定位于膜上及与膜特性有关的各种酶活性的影响.结果显示,SO2吸入后大鼠的膜脂流动性降低,膜脂质过氧化程度加重,膜结合酶SOD、Na -K -ATPase和Ca2 -Mg2 -ATPase活性降低,胞内酶LDH在血浆中的含量升高.以上结果表明,SO2吸入引起了红细胞膜组分分布和功能的改变,使膜的通透性升高.SO2对生物膜结构和功能的损伤是其毒性作用的起点.     

水稻根表胶膜的浸提及其元素测定方法

选择柠檬酸钠作为络合剂,比较了碳酸氢钠、乙酸钠二种缓冲体系下,盐酸羟胺、抗坏血酸和1/2盐酸羟胺 1/2抗坏血酸组合对水稻根表铁、锰的浸提能力.结果表明,水稻根表铁、锰浸提量与还原剂种类和缓冲体系的pH值有关.在六种浸提剂中,抗坏血酸-柠檬酸钠-乙酸钠(ACA)浸提水稻根表铁、锰的浸提量最大,为57307mg·kg-1和1689mg·kg-1,相当于DCB浸提水稻根表铁、锰浸提量的99%和109%.ICP测定浸提液中铁、锰、磷、硫等的变异系数也低于DCB浸提的同类元素.因此,推荐ACA-ICP作为水稻根胶膜浸提与元素测定方法.     

携硫杂原子纤维状吸附剂的研制

以腈纶纤维(PAN)为起始原料,分别经水合肼、乙二胺、二乙烯三胺(DETA)预交联后,以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作溶剂,加入少量金属钠作为催化剂,与硫代氨基脲反应,合成了三种携硫杂原子的纤维状吸附剂。研究了反应温度、催化剂、反应时间等合成条件对制备反应的影响。结果表明:以DMF作溶剂,金属钠为催化剂,控制温度100℃反应8h,可以制得较好的产品。     

Assessment of atmospheric sulfur with the epilithic moss Haplocladium microphyllum: Evidences from tissue sulfur and δS analysis

The application of geochemical signals in mosses is more and more popular to investigate the deposition of atmospheric pollutants, but it is unclear whether records of atmospheric sulfur in mosses differ between their diverse habitats. This study aimed to investigate the influence of growing condition on tissue sulfur and δ³⁴S of Haplocladium microphyllum. Epilithic and terricolous mosses in open fields, mosses under different canopy conditions were considered. We found that tissue sulfur and δ³⁴S of mosses under different habitats were not consistent and could not be compared for atmospheric sulfur research with each other even collected at the same site, moss sulfur and δ³⁴S records would be distorted by subsoil and upper canopies in different degrees, which possibly mislead the interpretation of atmospheric sulfur level and sources. Consequently, mosses on open rocks can be used reliably to assess atmospheric-derived sulfur in view of their identical sulfur and δ³⁴S evidences.     

尿素水溶液吸收SO2的机理研究

通过对尿素水溶液吸收SO2能力的机理研究发现,尿素水溶液在常温下（〈60℃）对SO2的吸收主要是物理吸收,而化学吸收受到尿素水解速率的控制,达到平衡后,其吸收效率在20％左右。     

中国燃煤发电厂烟气脱硫技术及应用

我国的能源结构决定了燃煤火力发电在电力供应中的重要地位,其发电产生的SO2是环境污染的主要来源。烟气脱硫技术是控制燃煤工业SO2排放的重要途径,因其脱硫效率高、稳定性较好、成本较低等优点而在工业上得到了广泛的应用。概述了燃煤发电中烟气脱硫技术的最新进展,其中包括烟气脱硫技术的分类,以及几种主要的湿法、干法、半干法烟气脱硫技术的主要特点。对不同的烟气脱硫技术的优缺点也作了简单评述,并对新建电厂脱硫技术的选择进行了讨论。最后结合中国实际,烟气脱硫技术发展和应用中要注意的几个问题进行了讨论。     

三效催化转化器催化剂硫中毒机理

在一种详细的表面反应机理中加入了包含贵金属催化剂与助催化剂的硫中毒基元反应,建立了新的三效催化转化器催化反应机理。利用该机理进行了稳态工况数值模拟,得到了各排气污染物起燃温度与转化效率随尾气中SO2浓度的变化情况。采用灰色关联分析了SO2浓度与各排气组分转化效率的关联度,结果表明,SO2浓度对C3H6与NOx转化效率影响最大。对三效催化转化器的催化剂活性设计具有重要的参考价值,并对其工况设计及优化提供了指导。     

Volatile organic compounds at swine facilities: A critical review

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are regulated aerial pollutants that have environmental and health concerns. Swine operations produce and emit a complex mixture of VOCs with a wide range of molecular weights and a variety of physicochemical properties. Significant progress has been made in this area since the first experiment on VOCs at a swine facility in the early 1960s. A total of 47 research institutions in 15 North American, European, and Asian countries contributed to an increasing number of scientific publications. Nearly half of the research papers were published by U.S. institutions.Investigated major VOC sources included air inside swine barns, in headspaces of manure storages and composts, in open atmosphere above swine wastewater, and surrounding swine farms. They also included liquid swine manure and wastewater, and dusts inside and outside swine barns. Most of the sample analyses have been focusing on identification of VOC compounds and their relationship with odors. More than 500 VOCs have been identified. About 60% and 10% of the studies contributed to the quantification of VOC concentrations and emissions, respectively. The largest numbers of VOC compounds with reported concentrations in a single experimental study were 82 in air, 36 in manure, and 34 in dust samples.The relatively abundant VOC compounds that were quantified in at least two independent studies included acetic acid, butanoic acid (butyric acid), dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl sulfide, iso-valeric, p-cresol, propionic acid, skatole, trimethyl amine, and valeric acid in air. They included acetic acid, p-cresol, iso-butyric acid, butyric acid, indole, phenol, propionic acid, iso-valeric acid, and skatole in manure. In dust samples, they were acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, p-cresol, hexanal, and decanal. Swine facility VOCs were preferentially bound to smaller-size dusts.Identification and quantification of VOCs were restricted by using instruments based on gas Chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) with different detectors most of which require time-consuming procedures to obtain results. Various methodologies and technologies in sampling, sample preparation, and sample analysis have been used. Only four publications reported using GC based analyzers and PTR-MS (proton-transfer-reaction mass spectrometry) that allowed continuous VOC measurement. Because of this, the majority of experimental studies were only performed on limited numbers of air, manure, or dust samples. Many aerial VOCs had concentrations that were too low to be identified by the GC peaks.Although VOCs emitted from swine facilities have environmental concerns, only a few studies investigated VOC emission rates, which ranged from 3.0 to 176.5 mg d⁻¹ kg⁻¹ pig at swine finishing barns and from 2.3 to 45.2 g d⁻¹ m⁻² at manure storages. Similar to the other pollutants, spatial and temporal variations of aerial VOC concentrations and emissions existed and were significantly affected by manure management systems, barn structural designs, and ventilation rates.Scientific research in this area has been mainly driven by odor nuisance, instead of environment or health concerns. Compared with other aerial pollutants in animal agriculture, the current scientific knowledge about VOCs at swine facilities is still very limited and far from sufficient to develop reliable emission factors.     

煤焦化过程中颗粒物和二氧化硫的释放

选择山西省某地的四个土焦炉、两个热回收焦炉和两个机焦炉开展焦炉顶空气和烟气中颗粒物和SO2研究。结果显示在正常工作条件下热回收焦炉顶空气中颗粒物和SO2浓度最小,其次是机焦炉,土焦炉顶最高。机焦炉和热回收焦炉顶污染物浓度在出焦和装煤时明显升高。土焦炉烟气中颗粒物排放浓度和排放速率明显高于热回收焦炉和机焦炉;各种炉型烟气中SO2浓度差别较小,排放速率以机焦炉最高;土焦炉的烟尘和二氧化硫吨焦排放量最高,而机焦炉和热回收焦炉由于环保设备的使用显著降低。生产过程污染物释放显示机焦炉和热回收焦炉的颗粒物和SO2释放主要来源于焦化过程和熄焦过程。由吨焦排放量估计炼焦烟尘和二氧化硫对全国的烟尘和二氧化硫排放贡献小于5%,但对山西省的贡献接近15%和30%,控制炼焦污染对当地环境改善具有重要意义。