硫铁矿炼硫废气治理

本文介绍了硫铁矿炼硫废气治理技术的三个技术突破、十个技术要点、七个操作要领和达标情况。     

二氧化硫吸入对小鼠脑、心、肾、睾丸超微结构的影响

为了研究二氧化硫(SO2)对小鼠脑、心、肾、睾丸超微结构的影响,以探讨其毒性作用的本质,对小鼠进行SO2动态吸入染毒.设对照组及SO2染毒组(28、56 mg·m-3),取各组小鼠脑、心、肾、睾丸于电镜下观察.结果表明:(1)SO2染毒组小鼠脑组织的部分神经元细胞和许多胶质细胞受损,可见胶质细胞核畸形、内质网扩张、线粒体肿胀,以及神经纤维发生髓鞘分离的现象,2种剂量未见明显差异.(2)SO2染毒组小鼠心肌细胞的线粒体肿胀,肌原纤维结构紊乱,细胞核染色质有边集、团块状改变现象,血管内皮细胞肿胀,心肌闰盘扩张、松解;剂量较高的SO2(56 mg·m-3)染毒组小鼠,还可见到心肌纤维断裂、溶解,部分心肌细胞肌膜破裂,细胞器释出现象,并可观察到淋巴细胞浸润(3)SO2染毒组小鼠肾近曲小管上皮细胞受损严重,肾小球和远曲小管上皮细胞也有一定程度的损伤,可见内质网扩张、线粒体肿胀现象;SO2剂量为56 mg·m-3的染毒组较剂量为28 mg·m-3染毒组更为严重,可见肾小管上皮细胞嗜酸性变、线粒体空泡变现象.(4)SO2染毒可引起小鼠睾丸的基膜、各级生精细胞、精子和支持细胞发生病理改变,可观察到线粒体肿胀、核膜不清、精细胞顶体脱落现象;SO2剂量为56 mg·m-3时比剂量为28 mg·m-3时超微结构损伤严重,可见基膜破损、细胞器释出现象.本研究为SO2是一种全身性有毒因子的观点提供了病理形态学证据.     

以磺酸阳离子交换树脂为原料合成含硫水不溶性杀菌剂

设计了一个新的以磺酸阳离子交换树脂为原料制备含硫水不溶性杀菌剂的合成路线，通过聚苯乙烯磺酸吡啶盐中间体合成磺酰氯树脂，在磺酰氯树脂上固载二乙胺，再用带有叔胺基的树脂与卤代烷作用合在含硫的铵盐型聚合物杀菌剂，使用所研制的水不溶性杀菌剂用量2mg/mL时杀菌率达到90％以上。     

Bleached kraft pulp mill discharged organic matter in recipient lake sediment

Environmental properties of organic matter contained halogen and sulfur were studied in sediments of bleached kraft pulp mill effluent (BKME) recipient lakes and 2 m³ outdoor enclosures (mesocosms). The BKME contributed to 1% (v/v) of the total water flow in the lake downstream of the pulp mill where the sediments contained 1.7 to 4 mg of tetrahydrofuran extractable organic halogen (EOX-Cl) and 0.6 to 0.8 mg of tetrahydrofuran extractable organic sulfur (EOS-S) g⁻¹ of organic matter. Upstream sediment contained 0.03 mg of EOXCl and 0.7 mg of EOS-S g⁻¹ of organic matter. EOX was a better indicator for the influence of BKME in the recipient sediment than EOS. The polarity of BKME contained EOX corresponded to log K^ow of < 1, and that of the downstream sediment contained EOX to > 4.5. HP-SEC analysis of the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the EOX showed a peak between 300 to 600 g mol⁻¹ for the BKME and between 1000 to 2000 g mol⁻¹ for the downstream sediment. The MWD of the BKME contained EOS peaked at 300 to 1000 g mol⁻¹, and that of the downstream sediment contained EOS at 1000 to 5000 g mol⁻¹. These results indicate that BKME contained organic halogen and sulfur undergo major structural transformations when incorporated into sediment. The biota-to-sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) of EOX from sediments formed downstream of the mill and in the mesocosms to the lipids ofLumbriculus variegatus was 0.4 to 0.7. This is of a similar order of magnitude to the BSAF reported for 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzofuran.     

生物催化氧化法脱除H2S的试验研究

针对H₂S污染的严峻形势，构建了包括催化再生装置和生物滴滤器的生物催化氧化装置。该装置以沸石为填料，以氧化亚铁硫杆菌为脱硫菌种，通过微生物和Fe³⁺的双重氧化作用高效脱除H₂S。试验确定了装置的适宜喷淋量和沸石的最佳粒径。在温度为30℃，进气量为0.25 m³/h，进气H₂S浓度为2500mg/m³，喷淋量为1000mL/h，喷淋液的pH值为1.97、Fe³⁺浓度为0.05 mol/L的条件下，出气H₂S浓度足以达到GB14554-93规定的一级厂界标准值。试验证明，生物催化氧化法是一种新型高效的脱硫技术，应进一步开展中试研究。     

砷华生产废渣中硫的回收利用研究

高温下氧化焙烧细磨后的砷华生产废渣,利用软锰矿浆吸收产生的SO2气体,吸收液经净化除杂、浓缩结晶等工序可制备工业产品硫酸锰.适宜的焙烧条件如下:焙烧温度为650℃,焙烧时间为60 min,废渣粒度为-97μm.选择合适的吸收工艺,Mn的浸出率可达96.20%,此时SO2脱除率为87.20%.     

低浓度SO2对油松苗生长的影响

油松(PinustabulaeformisCarr.)苗暴露在SO2浓度分别为0(CK)、0.1mgm?3(T1)、0.2mgm-3(T2)和0.4mgm?3(T3)的4个人工气候箱内60昼夜.TI、T2组油松生长情况与CK无显著性差异.T3组油松针叶颜色发现异常,针叶中类胡萝卜素含量下降29%,含硫量增加242%,从针叶渗出的钾离子量比CK增加198%,光合速率下降7%,蒸腾速率增加17%,单株干重下降19%,相对生长速率下降3μgmg-1d-1.图7表3参8     

二氧化硫亚慢性染毒对大鼠肺细胞DNA的损伤

为了探讨低浓度SO2长期暴露对哺乳动物肺细胞DNA的影响,采用动式吸入法(SO2浓度为28mg/m3)对Wistar大鼠染毒30d,运用单细胞凝胶电泳技术(彗星试验)研究了SO2亚慢性染毒对大鼠肺细胞DNA的损伤作用.结果表明,SO2可引起雌、雄性大鼠肺细胞核DNA迁移长度显著增加(P<0.01),且SO2对雄性小鼠肺细胞DNA损伤比雌性小鼠严重;经染毒后,与对照组相比,大鼠的体重减轻,肺体比增加.这些结果表明,较低浓度的SO2也具有引起哺乳动物肺细胞DNA突变的潜在危险.表3参15     

Atmospheric Sulfur Deposition onto Different Ecosystems Over China

The regional acid deposition model system (RegADMS) was applied to simulate the air sulfur deposition onto different landuse types over China, in which the dry deposition velocities of SO₂ and sulfate aerosol (SO ₄ ^2– ) were estimated by use of a big leaf resistance analogy model and the wet scavenging coefficients were parameterized in terms of precipitation rate. Investigations show that the annual total sulfur deposition over mainland China is 7.24 mt (1 mt = 10⁶ ton) , in which dry deposition and wet deposition accounts for 56 and 44%, respectively. The sulfur deposition onto agriculture land, grass land, and forest land is 1.09, 3.6 and 1.41 mt, respectively, which sums 6.1 mt and accounts for 84% of the total sulfur deposition. The modeled sulfur deposition was in agreement with the measurement conducted at farmland in Yingtan, a typical read soil region in Jiangxi province of China, during the period of November 1998–October 1999. The total sulfur deposition at the Yingtan site is about 10.3 gm^–2 year^–1 of which 83% is dry deposition. The modeling sulfur deposition at the same site is 8.4 gm^–2 year^–1. Furthermore, the comparison between RegADMS and RAINS-ASIA on modeling regional sulfur deposition shows the consistence of the two models. The correlation coefficient between the simulated sulfur deposition at the medium-large cities reaches 0.72.     

稻田中有机硫气体释放的研究

分析测定了水稻生长期内含硫气体的释放通量 .分析表明 ,水稻的生理活动对含硫气体的释放有显著的影响 ,水稻主要释放二硫化碳 (CS2 )和二甲基硫 (DMS)气体 .而对羰基硫 (COS)有一定的吸收作用 .水稻田中总硫平均释放强度约为 5 0mg·m- 2 ,施肥对稻田硫的释放有影响