谈工伤职工的合法权益

就国家有关法律、劳动法规及劳动规章 ,阐述了工伤的保险待遇、工伤认定、工伤评残的合法权益及工伤保险待遇的请求与给付     

渣-硅灰水泥蒸压处理含镉钠低放废液

开发了一种矿渣硅灰混合水泥用来处理含多量Cd2+、Na2的低放射性废液.该水泥净浆经125℃蒸压14天的抗压强度达114MPa4用水银测孔仪测得总孔隙率为14.1%,最可几孔半径2.7nm.目前低放废液的处理常用硅酸盐水泥和矿渣水泥,从强度和微结构方面看,矿渣-硅灰混合水泥要比上述两种水泥好得多.对于废液中的Cd2+和Na+,成功地合成了无定形方沸石作为Na+的固主相,CdS为Cd2+的固化相.     

支撑气膜法脱除／回收垃圾渗滤液中氨氮

利用由微孔疏水性聚丙烯中空纤维制成的工业级膜组件对垃圾渗滤液中氨氮进行支撑气膜法脱除研究,考察了泡沫分离．石灰絮凝等预处理技术对垃圾渗滤液表面张力及COD值的处理效果,在此基础上研究了物料因素和操作因素对膜传质性能的影响,并对该工艺的长期操作稳定性进行了研究。实验结果表明该预处理技术不仅可显著提高垃圾渗滤液的表面张力,还可大大降低其色度和COD值。当进料流量为100L／h、进料氨氮浓度为1000～3000mg／L、硫酸吸收液流量为200L／h、硫酸浓度为6％～10％、温度为20～30℃时,支撑气膜过程（两级膜组件串联）可有效脱除垃圾渗滤液中99％以上的氨氮,同时得到含10％～15％硫酸铵的水溶液作为副产品。工业级支撑气膜组件在连续运行的2个月内保持了良好的传质稳定性。     

Prioritizing debt conversion opportunities for marine conservation

Incentivized debt conversion is a financing mechanism that can assist countries with a heavy debt burden to bolster their long-term domestic investment in nature conservation. The Nature Conservancy, an international conservation-based nongovernmental organization, is adapting debt conversions to support marine conservation efforts by small island developing states and coastal countries. Prioritizing debt conversion opportunities according to their potential return on investment can increase the impact and effectiveness of this finance mechanism. We developed guidance on how to do so with a decision-support approach that relies on a novel threat-based adaptation of cost-effectiveness analysis. We constructed scenarios by varying parameters of the approach, including enabling conditions, expected benefits, and threat classifications. Incorporating both abatable and unabatable threats affected priorities across planning scenarios. Similarly, differences in scenario construction resulted in unique solution sets for top priorities. We show how environmental organizations, private entities, and investment banks can adopt structured prioritization frameworks for making decisions about conservation finance investments, such as debt conversions. Our guidance can accommodate a suite of social, ecological, and economic considerations, making the approach broadly applicable to other conservation finance mechanisms or investment strategies that seek to establish a transparent process for return-on-investment decision-making.     

升钟水库生态环境保护与污染防治对策研究

本文主要研究升钟水库生态环境保护与污染防治对策问题。首先,通过资料收集和现场调研,评价升钟水库的环境质量现状;接着,对库区的污染负荷进行分析和预测,制定污染物消减计划;最后,提出相应的污染防治与生态环境保护措施。     

基于核心资本变迁的产业可持续竞争力研究

当前,生态环境已经成为经济发展的主要约束条件,与生态环境相协调的可持续发展也是当前产业发展的主要趋势。本文通过对经济增长核心要素及约束条件变迁的考察,明确了可持续发展是经济与产业发展的必然趋势,同时拓宽了产业竞争力的视域,提出了产业可持续竞争力的概念。在此基础上,本文运用复杂系统动力学理论,探讨了产业核心资本变迁与产业可持续竞争力以及生态环境之间的关系。文章得出结论,在资源环境成为经济发展根本约束条件的前提下,环境质量的改善可以内化于产业可持续竞争力的提升过程中,途径就是增强产业对核心资本的使用程度。基于理论推导和实际数据的支持,本文最后从贯彻可持续发展和生态文明的理念、运用循环经济相关理论优化生产经营行为、推进面向资源环境的生态创新、加强人力资源投资、提高产业核心资本构成等方面,提出了相应的政策建议。     

环保物联网技术及应用研究

物联网的发展如火如荼,作为新兴高技术产业的重要组成部分,物联网技术广泛应用于各行各业。文中阐述了环保物联网技术及其应用系统,详细介绍了以在线监测、视频和工况监测三种手段联合监控的感知端技术,信息传输网络技术,以及环保物联网智慧监控平台,描述了物联网技术在污染企业综合监控管理、环境质量综合监测管理、环境应急管理中的实际应用,最后提出环保物联网应在技术规范、技术保障、感知设备研发、感知数据处理等方面进行深入研究,形成一个全覆盖、全运转、全应用、可持续的环保物联网体系。     

Tumor promoting effects of cyanobacterial extracts are potentiated by anthropogenic contaminants--evidence from in vitro study

Inhibition of gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) is affiliated with tumor promotion process and it has been employed as an in vitro biomarker for evaluation of tumor promoting effects of chemicals. In the present study we investigated combined effects of anthropogenic environmental contaminants 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB 153) and fluoranthene, cyanotoxins microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin, and extracts of laboratory cultures of cyanobacteria Aphanizomenon gracile and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, on GJIC in the rat liver epithelial cell line WB-F344. Binary mixtures of PCB 153 with fluoranthene and the mixtures of the two cyanobacterial strains elicited simple additive effects on GJIC after 30 min exposure, whereas microcystin-LR and cylindrospermopsin neither inhibited GJIC nor altered effects of PCB 153 or fluoranthene. However, synergistic effects were observed in the cells exposed to binary mixtures of anthropogenic contaminants (PCB 153 or fluoranthene) and cyanobacterial extracts. The synergistic effects were especially pronounced after prolonged (6-24 h) co-exposure to fluoranthene and A. gracile extract, when mixture caused nearly complete GJIC inhibition, while none of the individual components caused any downregulation of GJIC at the same concentration and exposure time. The effects of cyanobacterial extracts were independent of microcystin-LR or cylindrospermopsin, which were not detected in cyanobacterial biomass. It provides further evidence on the presence of unknown tumor promoting metabolites in cyanobacteria. Clear potentiation of the GJIC inhibition observed in the mixtures of two anthropogenic contaminants and cyanobacteria highlight the importance of combined toxic effects of chemicals in complex environmental mixtures.     

Automated evaluation of the effect of ionic liquids on catalase activity

An automated assay for the evaluation of the influence of ionic liquids on the activity of catalase was developed. The activity and inhibition assays were implemented in a sequential injection analysis (SIA) system and intended to contribute for the estimation of the toxicity of the tested compounds. The fast developed methodology was based on the oxidation of the non-fluorescent probe amplex red, in the presence of H₂O₂, to produce resorufin, a strong fluorescent compound. Catalase activity was monitored by the decreased of the fluorescence intensity due to the consumption of H₂O₂ by the enzyme. The activity assays were performed in strictly aqueous media and in the presence of increasing concentrations of seven commercially available ionic liquids and sodium azide, a strong inhibitor of catalase. IC₅₀ values between 0.15 and 2.77 M were obtained for the tested compounds, revealing distinct inhibitory effects. This allowed us to perform some considerations about the toxicity of the tested cations and anions. The developed SIA methodology showed to be robust and exhibited good repeatability in all the assay conditions. On the other hand, it proved to be in good agreement with the actual concerns of “Green Chemistry” since it involved the consumption of less than 200 μL of reagents and the production of only 1.7 mL of effluent (per cycle) and at the same time reduced the operator exposure resulting in increased environmental and human safety.     

Impacts of natural weathering on the transformation/neoformation processes in landfilled MSWI bottom ash: a geoenvironmental perspective

Natural weathering processes are significant mechanisms that noticeably affect the fundamental nature of incineration ash residues. To provide a greater understanding of these processes, a MSWI (mono)landfill site in the north east of the US was selected as the target for systematic investigation of the natural weathering of bottom ash residues. Samples of various ages were collected from locations A (1 yr), B (10 yrs), C (13-14 yrs) and D (20 yrs) of the landfill in 2009. We investigated the phase transformation of the collected bottom ash particles, neoformation processes as well as the behavior and distribution of certain heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cr) in the neoformed phases using optical microscopy, SEM-EDX, and bulk examinations. Key findings: at the preliminary stage, the waste metallic particles (Al, Fe, and Cu) and unstable minerals such as lime, portlandite, ettringite and hydrocalumite convert to oxide and hydroxide (hydrate) phases, calcite, alumina gel and gypsum. At the intermediate stage, the decomposition of melt products including magnetite spinels and metallic inclusions is triggered due to the partial dissolution of the melt glass. At the longer time horizon it is possible to track the breakdown of the glass phase, the extensive formation of calcite and anhydrite, Al-hydrates and more stable Fe-hydrates all through the older ash deposits. Among the dominant secondary phases, we propose the following order based on their direct metal uptake capacity: Fe-hydrates>Al-hydrates>calcite. Calcite was found to be the least effective phase for the direct sorption of heavy metals. Based on overall findings, a model is proposed that demonstrates the general trend of ash weathering in the landfill.