冒落型矿震成因机理的研究

冒落型矿震属于塌陷地震的范畴 ,其形成和演化受到区内自然因素和人为因素的作用。笔者研究了顶板冒落的前兆特征、发展过程、运动形式和致崩原因 ,探讨了冒落型矿震的成因机理 ,提出了由于地下开采引起采空区顶板冒落 ,释放能量 ,诱发矿震的观点。     

煤矿区环境污染与洁净技术

煤炭开采在给社会带来经济效益的同时 ,也导致了矿区的环境污染和生态破坏 ,如煤炭开采引起地表塌陷 ;煤炭开采过程中的废弃物、噪声污染和破坏人类生活环境等。为了保护好生态环境 ,必须采用清洁开采技术 ,才能保持能源生产、消费和生态之间的平衡     

煤矿矿区环境污染现状及控制对策

随着可持续发展研究的深入，在煤炭开采中的环境保护越来越受人们的重视，分析了煤矿环境污染的现状，提出了响应的控制对策。     

高档普采工作面端面顶板的有效支护

端面顶板是高档普采工作面顶板管理的重点，分析了п型钢梁支护法的不足，提出了一种新的支护方法，通过应用取得了良好效果。     

燃煤飞灰制备脱硫剂的试验研究

以飞灰和石灰为原料,经消化制得不同消化时间、消化温度和原料配比的脱硫剂,对实验样品进行比表面积、孔径分布等表面特性测定,并在固定床上进行脱硫试验研究。研究表明,合理的孔径分布利于脱硫反应,实验制得最佳脱硫剂的比表面积是54.953m2/g。     

酸性条件下H+ - Cu2+在红壤表面反应的能量特征

研究了酸性条件下H -Cu2 在红壤表面反应动力学的能量特征,结果表明:酸性条件下Cu2 的吸附分为快反应和慢反应两个阶段.用一级动力学方程拟合,Cu2 的最大吸附量随酸度的增加而显著下降,随温度的升高提前达到平衡.用双常数方程描述Cu2 在吸附点位能量分布的不均匀性,用扩散速率常数b计算,活化能(Eb*)随酸度的增加而增加,Cu2 扩散需要克服的能障变大;ΔH*值为正,温度升高可促进Cu2 的扩散;ΔS*均为负值,表明吸附反应使体系的有序度增加.原液pH值为3.8和3.3时,流出液的pH值高于原液,这是由于土壤的缓冲作用、土壤表面质子化和硫酸根专性吸附释放的羟基中和;反应初期H 消耗是快反应过程,反应后期H 对矿物的溶蚀为速率控制步骤.     

Application of Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes for treatment of urban sewage in Israel

The effectiveness of sewage purification by aquatic plants, such as water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) and water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes), was tested on laboratory and pilot scales. Cascade and semi-continuous pilot experiments verified that the plants are capable of decreasing all tested indicators of water quality to levels that permit the use of the purified water for irrigation of tree crops. This applies to biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and turbidity. The laboratory-scale tests confirm the capacity of the plants to reach and hold reasonably low levels of BOD (5-7 mg L(-1)) and COD (40-50 mg L(-1)) and very low levels of TSS (3-5 mg L(-1)) and turbidity (1-2 NTU). In the experimental pilot setup, with circulation, COD decreased from 460 to 100 mg L(-1) after 2.5-4 days of treatment, while 6-7 days were required to this end without circulation. This doubled the active pond area and provided a two-level hydraulic loading (8 and 12 L min(-1)) with circulation that proved to be effective during the summer as well as the winter season. The outflow concentrations were 50-85 mg L(-1) of COD and 4-6 mg L(-1) of BOD. The results show that the use of this free water surface flow system (FWS) and its low maintenance system for treatment of urban and agricultural sewage is a viable option.     

胶州湾海洋微表层铜络合的容量

采用阳极溶出伏安法测定了2004年胶州湾海水微表层和次表层金属铜离子的络合容量和条件稳定常数,系统地探讨了其分布规律及其与COD、DOC、TN和TP的相关性.结果表明,胶州湾海水微表层铜络合容量有富集现象,平均值微表层为3.85×10^-7mol·L^-1,次表层为2.45×10^-7mol·L^-1,富集倍数1.56.条件稳定常数(lgK)微表层为7.21,次表层为7.21;且3月、9月微表层小于次表层,6月、12月微表层大于次表层.胶州湾铜络合容量东北部>西北部>南部>中部>湾口;且9月>6月>12月>3月.海水微表层和次表层铜络合容量与COD、DOC存在显著正相关性,而与TN、TP存在较好负相关性.     

SPATIAL ANALYSIS FOR MONTHLY RAINFALL IN SOUTH FLORIDA1

ABSTRACT: Several methods have been developed to interpolate point rainfall data and integrate areal rainfall data from any network of stations. From previous studies, it can be concluded that models for spatial analysis of rainfall are dependent on topography, area of analysis, type of rainfall, and density of gauging network. The purpose of this study is to evaluate a set of six appropriate models for point and areal rainfall estimations over a 4000 square mile area in South Florida. In this study, a case of developing spatial continuity model for monthly rainfall from a database that had various lengths of records and missing data is documented. The spatial correlation and variogram models for monthly rainfall were developed. Six methods of spatial interpolation were applied and the results validated with historical observations. The results of the study indicate that the multiquadric, kriging, and optimal interpolation schemes are the best three methods for interpolation of monthly rainfall within the study area. The optimal and kriging methods have the advantage of providing estimates of the error of interpolation. The optimal interpolation method uses the spatial correlation function and the kriging method uses the variogram function. The two spatial functions are related. Either of the two methods provide good estimates of monthly point and areal rainfall in the study area.     

天然水体生物膜中汞的蓄积因素及汞的存在形态

为了探讨生物膜对汞的蓄积因素,研究了不同深度、不同培养时间、不同季节等条件对黄浦江生物膜中汞元素含量的影响,并对其存在形态进行分析.结果表明,生物膜中有机质含量较高(7.5%～14.5%);生长时间,水深,季节都是影响生物膜中汞元素蓄积的重要因素;光照越强,温度越高,生长时间越长,生物膜中汞元素含量越高;生物膜中残渣态(41.98%)和有机质结合态(27.89%)的汞含量比较高,碳酸盐结合态(10.17%)和铁锰氧化物结合态(5.33%)的汞含量相对较少.